Table 7 Categories of contextual characteristics for explaining these contradictions
| Category | Topic No | |
|---|---|---|
| Category—1 | Heterogeneity in study design | 1, 3, 8, 9, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 |
| Category—2 | The contradiction of observational studies and RCTs | 2, 20 |
| Category—3 | Research settings or Real word Settings | 4, 5 |
| Category—4 | Cost-effectiveness | 6, 12, 13, 17 |
| Category—5 | Short-term outcome | 11 |
| Category—6 | Publication bias, citation bias and time-lag bias | 14 |
| Category—7 | Inaccuracy of SemRep | 3 |