Abstract
An objective assessment using bibliometric indicators of research productivity in education and psychology in the Philippines was conducted. Results were then benchmarked against its Southeast Asian neighbors’ research productivity in the same fields. Results showed that the Philippines ranked low in research productivity compared to Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia, particularly starting in the 1990s. Only a few researchers, mainly coming from a small number of higher education institutions, were publishing papers on a regular basis in a small range of journals. Those journals had either no or low impact factors and most papers had low citation counts. It also collaborated less with domestic and international institutions. This low research productivity was explained in terms of economic indicators, the local orientation of many social science research studies, funding, individual characteristics of researchers, and the epistemic culture of knowledge production in the country. However, the reforms initiated by the government, particularly in the higher education sector, would hopefully lead to a better research landscape and, consequently, improved research productivity in the near future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Caprasecca, A. (2009). Gender differences in research productivity: A bibliometric analysis of the Italian academic system. Scientometrics, 79, 517–539.
Altbach, P. G. (2009). Peripheries and centers: Research universities in developing countries. Asia Pacific Education Review, 10, 15–27.
Arimoto, A. (2009). The competitive environment of academic productivity and the academic research enterprise in the case of Japan. Asia Pacific Education Review, 10, 29–46.
Arunachalam, S., & Garg, K. C. (1986). Science on the periphery—A scientometric analysis of science in the ASEAN countries. Journal of Information Science, 12, 105–117.
Babu, A. R., & Singh, Y. P. (1998). Determinants of research productivity. Scientometrics, 43, 309–329.
Barrow, L. H., Settlage, J., & Germann, P. J. (2008). Institutional research productivity in science education for the 1990s: Top 30 rankings. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 17, 357–365.
Bishop, R., & Glynn, T. (1999). Culture counts: Changing power relations in education. Palmerston North: Dunmore Press.
Bub, K. L., McCartney, K., & Willett, J. B. (2007). Behavior problem trajectories and first-grade cognitive ability and achievement skills: A latent growth curve analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 653–670.
Buela-Casal, G., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Bermúdez-Sánchez, M. P., & Vadillo-Muñoz, O. (2007). Comparative study of international academic rankings of universities. Scientometrics, 71, 349–365.
Calma, A. (2010). Funding for research and research training and its effects on research activity: The case of the Philippines. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 19, 213–228.
Covington, M. V. (2000). Goal theory, motivation, and school achievement: An integrative review. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 171–200.
de Guzman, A. B. (2003). The dynamics of educational reforms in the Philippines: Basic and higher education sectors. Asia-Pacific Education Review, 4, 39–50.
de Guzman, A. B. (2006). Reforms in Philippine basic education viewed from key elements of successful School-Based Management (SBM) schools. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 5, 55–71.
De Guzman, A. B., Ordoña, S. M. N., Olalia, C. J. C., Pacheco, M. C., Ong, M. I. F., & Pelino, M. S. O. (2006). Research psychographics of the nurse professoriate in a Philippine comprehensive university. Asia Pacific Education Review, 7, 62–75.
Department of Education Order No. 37. (2011). Policies and guidelines on the implementation of the universal kindergarten for SY 2011–2012.
Diegelman, N. M., Uffelman, R. A., Wagner, K. S., & Diegelman, S. A. (2005). Current institutional trends in research productivity in counseling psychology journals. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 327–339.
Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16, 328–335.
Doronila, M. L. C. (1999). Adult education research trends in the Philippines. In W. Mausch (Ed.), World trends in adult education research (pp. 108–123). Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Education.
Duffy, R. D., Jadidian, A., Webster, G. D., & Sandell, K. J. (2011). The research productivity of academic psychologists: Assessment, trends, and best practice recommendations. Scientometrics. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s11192-011-0452-4.
Espinosa, K. J. P., & Caro, J. D. L. (2011). Analysis of ICT integration initiatives in basic education and lessons learned: The case of the Philippines. In Y. C. Byun, K. Akingbehin, P. Hnetynka, & R. Lee (Eds.), Proceedings of the first ACIS/JNU international conference on computers, networks, systems and industrial engineering (pp. 342–347). Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Feeley, T. H. (2008). A bibliometric analysis of communication journals from 2002 to 2005. Human Communication Research, 34, 505–520.
Felipe, A. I., & Porio, C. C. (2010). Length of school cycle and the “quality” of education. Philippine Education Research Journal. Accessed July 31, 2011, from http://perj.org/?p=10.
Fensham, P. J. (2009). The link between policy and practice in science education: The role of research. Science Education, 93, 1076–1095.
Fernandez, L., & Olfindo, R. (2011). Overview of the Philippines’ conditional cash transfer program: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Pantawid Pamilya) (Philippine Social Protection Note 2). Washington, DC: World Bank.
Gerke, S., & Evers, H.-D. (2006). Globalizing local knowledge: Social science research on Southeast Asia, 1970–2000. SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 21, 1–21.
Godin, B. (2002). The social sciences in Canada: What can we learn from bibliometrics? Project on the Measurement of the Social Sciences—Working Paper no. 1. Retrieved December 22, 2009, from http://www.csiic.ca/pdf/csiic.pdf.
Gonzalez, A. (2004). The Philippines: Past, present, and future dimensions of higher education. In P. G. Altbach & T. Umakoshi (Eds.), Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges (pp. 279–298). Baltimore, MA: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Haslam, N., & Kashima, Y. (2010). The rise and rise of social psychology in Asia: A bibliometric analysis. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 202–207.
Haustein, S., Tunger, D., Heinrichs, G., & Baelz, G. (2011). Reasons for and developments in international scientific collaboration: Does an Asia–Pacific research area exist from a bibliometric point of view? Scientometrics, 86, 727–746.
Hicks, D. (2004). The four literatures of social science. In H. F. Moed, W. Glänzel, & U. Schmoch (Eds.), Handbook of quantitative science and technology research (pp. 473–496). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Hien, P. D. (2010). A comparative study of research capabilities of East Asian countries and implications for Vietnam. Higher Education, 60, 615–625.
Huang, M. H. (2011). A comparison of three major academic rankings for world universities: From a research evaluation perspective. Journal of Library and Information Studies, 9, 1–25.
Inönü, E. (2003). The influence of cultural factors on scientific production. Scientometrics, 56, 137–146.
Jarwal, S. D., Brion, A. M., & King, M. L. (2009). Measuring research quality using the journal impact factor, citations and “ranked journals”: Blunt instruments or inspired metrics? Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 31, 289–300.
Katz, J. S. (1999). Bibliometric indicators and the social sciences (Report prepared for the Economic and Social Research Council). Retrieved December 22, 2009, from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/users/sylvank/pubs/esrc.pdf.
Keeves, J. P., Watanabe, R., & McGuckian, P. (2003). Educational research in the Asia-Pacific region. In J. P. Keeves & R. Watanabe (Eds.), International handbook of educational research in the Asia-Pacific region (pp. 123–140). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Kishida, K., & Matsui, S. (1997). International publication patterns in social sciences: A quantitative analysis of the IBSS file. Scientometrics, 40, 277–298.
Kliegl, R., & Bates, D. (2011). International collaboration in psychology is on the rise. Scientometrics, 87, 149–158.
Lacanilao, F. (2008). Public understanding of science. In G. P. Padilla-Concepcion, E. A. Padlan, & C. A. Saloma (Eds.), Selected essays on science and technology for securing a better Philippines (pp. 21–27). Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Larivière, V., Archambault, E., Gingras, Y., & Gagné, E. V. (2006). The place of serials in referencing practices: Comparing natural sciences and engineering with social sciences and humanities. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57, 997–1004.
Librero, F., Ramos, A. J., Ranga, A. I., Triñona, J., & Lambert, D. (2007). Uses of the cell phone for education in the Philippines and Mongolia. Distance Education, 28, 231–244.
Lim, M., & Saloma, C. (1998). Scientific publications by the faculty of the College of Science, UP Diliman: September 1988 to May 1998. Science Diliman, 10, 1–6.
Macauley, P., Evans, T., Pearson, M., & Tregenza, K. (2005). Using digital data and bibliometric analysis for researching doctoral education. Higher Education Research & Development, 24, 189–199.
Mahoney, K. T., Buboltz, W. C., Calvert, B., & Hoffman, R. (2010). Research productivity in select psychology journals, 1986–2008. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 44, 361–411.
Miralao, V. A. (2004). The impact of social research on education policy and reform in the Philippines. International Social Science Journal, 56, 75–87.
Moed, H. F. (2005). Citation analysis in research evaluation. Dordrecht: Springer.
Morshidi, S., Sadullah, A. F., Komoo, I., Lie, K. Y., Meriam, N. S. N., Norzaini, A., et al. (2010). Research and collaboration in an expanding higher education market in the Asia-Pacific: The experiences of Malaysian universities. In C. Findlay & W. G. Tierney (Eds.), Globalisation and tertiary education in the Asia-Pacific: The changing nature of a dynamic market (pp. 201–228). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
Mukherjee, B. (2010). Assessing Asian scholarly research in library and information science: A quantitative view as reflected in Web of Knowledge. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 36, 90–101.
Narvaez-Berthelemot, N., & Russell, J. M. (2001). World distribution of social science journals: A view from the periphery. Scientometrics, 51, 223–239.
Nederhof, A. J., & Van Wijk, E. (1997). Mapping the social and behavioral sciences world-wide: Use of maps in portfolio analysis of national research efforts. Scientometrics, 40, 237–276.
Nederhof, A. J., & Van Wijk, E. (1999). Profiling institutes: Identifying high research performance and social relevance in the social and behavioral sciences. Scientometrics, 44, 487–506.
Nguyen, T. V., & Pham, L. T. (2011). Scientific output and its relationship to knowledge economy: An analysis of ASEAN countries. Scientometrics. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s11192-011-0446-2.
Norris, M., & Oppenheim, C. (2007). Comparing alternatives to the Web of Science for coverage of the social sciences’ literature. Journal of Informetrics, 1, 161–169.
Okubo, Y. (1997). Bibliometric indicators and analysis of research systems: Methods and examples. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/1. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation, Development (OECD). (2004). Internationalisation and trade in higher education: Opportunities and challenges. Paris: OECD.
Osareh, F., & Wilson, C. S. (1997). Third World Countries (TWC) research publications by disciplines: A country-by-country citation analysis. Scientometrics, 39, 253–266.
Patrick, W. J., & Stanley, E. C. (1996). Assessment of research quality. Research in Higher Education, 37, 23–42.
Print, M., & Hattie, J. (1997). Measuring quality in universities: An approach to weighting research productivity. Higher Education, 33, 453–469.
Prpić, K., Šuljok, A., & Petrović, N. (2009). Gender differences in the research productivity of natural and social scientists. In K. Prpić, L. Oliveira, & S. Hemlin (Eds.), Women in science and technology (pp. 109–138). Zagreb: Institute for Social Research.
Republic Act No 10029. (2009). Philippine Psychology Act of 2009.
Republic Act No 9258. (2004). Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004.
Salazar-Clemeña, R. M. (2006). Higher education research in the Philippines: Policies, practices, and problems. In V. L. Meek & C. Suwanwela (Eds.), Higher education research knowledge in the Asia Pacific region (pp. 185–200). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sax, L. J., Hagedorn, L. S., Arredondo, M., & Dicrisi, F. A. (2002). Faculty research productivity: Exploring the role of gender and family-related factors. Research in Higher Education, 43, 423–446.
Smith, M. C., Plant, M., Carney, R. N., Arnold, C. S., Jackson, A., Johnson, L. S., et al. (2003). Productivity of educational psychologists in educational psychology journals, 1997–2001. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 28, 422–430.
Sombatsompop, N., Markpin, T., Ratchatahirun, P., Yochai, W., Ittiritmeechai, S., Premkamolnetr, N., et al. (2011a). Research productivity and impact of ASEAN countries and universities in the field of energy and fuel. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 16, 35–46.
Sombatsompop, N., Premkamolnetr, N., Markpin, T., Ittiritmeechai, S., Wongkaew, C., Yochai, W., et al. (2011b). Viewpoints on synergising ASEAN academic visibilities through research collaboration and the establishment of an ASEAN Citation Index Database. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 52, 207–218.
Sooryamoorthy, R. (2009). Collaboration and publication: How collaborative are scientists in South Africa? Scientometrics, 80, 419–439.
Stewart, P. K., Roberts, M. C., & Roy, K. M. (2007). Scholarly productivity in clinical psychology PhD programs: A normative assessment of publication rate. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 157–171.
Taylor, J. (2011). The assessment of research quality in UK Universities: Peer review or metrics? British Journal of Management, 22, 202–217.
Valencia, M. N. (2004). International scientific productivity of selected universities in the Philippines. Science Diliman, 16, 49–54.
Valkimadi, P. E., Karageorgopoulos, D. E., Vliagoftis, H., & Falagas, M. E. (2009). Increasing dominance of English in publications archived by PubMed. Scientometrics, 81, 219–223.
Vinluan, L. R. (2011). The use of ICT in school guidance: Attitudes and practices of guidance counselors in Metro Manila, the Philippines. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 33, 22–36.
Wagerman, S. A., & Funder, D. C. (2007). Acquaintance reports of personality and academic achievement: A case for conscientiousness. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 221–229.
Wang, S., Wang, H., & Weldon, P. R. (2007). Bibliometric analysis of English-language academic journals of China and their internationalization. Scientometrics, 73, 331–343.
Whitley, R. (2007). Changing governance of the public sciences. In R. Whitley & J. Gläser (Eds.), The changing governance of the sciences: The advent of research evaluation systems (pp. 3–27). Dordrecht: Springer.
Xie, Y., & Shauman, K. A. (1998). Sex differences in research productivity: New evidence about an old puzzle. American Sociological Review, 63, 847–870.
Ynalvez, M. A., & Shrum, W. (2008). International graduate training, digital inequality and professional network structure: An ego-centric social network analysis of knowledge producers at the “Global South”. Scientometrics, 76, 343–368.
Ynalvez, M. A., & Shrum, W. (2010). Professional networks, scientific collaboration, and publication productivity in resource-constrained research institutions in a developing country. Research Policy, 40, 204–216.
Zawacki-Richter, O., Anderson, T., & Tuncay, N. (2010). The growing impact of open access distance education journals: A bibliometric analysis. The Journal of Distance Education, 24(3). Retrieved July 22, 2011, from http://www.jofde.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/661.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the author’s United Coconut Planters Bank Professorial Chair.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vinluan, L.R. Research productivity in education and psychology in the Philippines and comparison with ASEAN countries. Scientometrics 91, 277–294 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0496-5
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-011-0496-5