Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mesoporous activated carbon from Pentace species sawdust via microwave-induced KOH activation: optimization and methylene blue adsorption

  • Published:
Research on Chemical Intermediates Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work studied the optimization of preparation conditions of Pentace species sawdust activated carbon (PSAC) via microwave-induced KOH activation for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The produced activated carbon was characterised through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore structural analysis, proximate and ultimate, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Response surface methodology technique was used to optimize the radiation power, radiation time and impregnation ratio for MB removal and PSAC yield through central composite design. The optimum preparation conditions for PSAC were obtained at a radiation power of 418 W, radiation time of 6.4 min, and an impregnation ratio of 0.5, which resulted in 27% PSAC yield and 93.74% MB removal. A mesoporous structure of PSAC was formed, with a BET surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of 914.15 m2/g, 0.52 cm3/g, and 3.19 nm, respectively. The experimental kinetic data were well described by a pseudo-second-order model and intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption data fitted the Redlich–Peterson equation better than the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Sips equations. However, the exponential value of Redlich–Peterson approached unity, hence, resulting in the original Langmuir equation, with adsorption capacity of 357.14 mg/g. The adsorption performance was effectively preserved even after four consecutive cycles, demonstrating good regeneration ability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Regti, M.R. Laamari, S.-E. Stiriba, M. El Haddad, Microchem. J. 130, 129 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Dawood, T.K. Sen, J. Chem. Proc. Eng. 1, 1 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. F. Aeenjan, V. Javanbakht, Res. Chem. Intermed. 44, 1459 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Sayğılı, F. Güzel, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 131, 22 (2016)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. O. Pezoti, A.L. Cazetta, I.P.A.F. Souza, K.C. Bedin, A.C. Martins, T.L. Silva, V.C. Almeida, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20, 4401 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Kamandari, H. Hashemipour Rafsanjani, H. Najjarzadeh, Z. Eksiri, Res. Chem. Intermed. 41, 71 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. N.T. Abdel-Ghani, G.A. El-Chaghaby, M.H. Elgammal, E.S.A. Rawash, Xinxing Tan Cailiao/New Carbon Mater. 31, 492 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. M.J. Ahmed, S.K. Theydan, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 99, 101 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M.A. Ahmad, N.A. Ahmad Puad, O.S. Bello, Water Resour. Ind. 6, 18 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. V.O. Njoku, K.Y. Foo, M. Asif, B.H. Hameed, Chem. Eng. J. 250, 198 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Subramaniam, S. Kumar Ponnusamy, Water Resour. Ind. 11, 64 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. P.S. Thue, M.A. Adebayo, E.C. Lima, J.M. Sieliechi, F.M. Machado, G.L. Dotto, J.C.P. Vaghetti, S.L.P. Dias, J. Mol. Liq. 223, 1067 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. Hoseinzadeh Hesas, W.M.A. Wan Daud, J.N.N. Sahu, A. Arami-Niya, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 100, 1 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. N. Adilla Rashidi, S. Yusup, Chem. Eng. J. 314, 277 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. G.S. Dos Reis, M. Wilhelm, T.C.D.A. Silva, K. Rezwan, C.H. Sampaio, E.C. Lima, S.M.A.G.U. De Souza, Appl. Therm. Eng. 93, 590 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A.F. Abbas, M.J. Ahmed, J. Water Process Eng. 9, 201 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Mohammed, N.S. Nasri, M.A.A. Zaini, U.D. Hamza, H.M. Zain, F.N. Ani, Desalin. Water Treat. 57, 7881 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. R. Hoseinzadeh Hesas, A. Arami-Niya, W.M.A. Wan Daud, J.N. Sahu, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 91, 2447 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. Georgin, G.L. Dotto, M.A. Mazutti, E.L. Foletto, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 4, 266 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. Li, J. Li, W. Tan, H. Jin, H. Yang, J. Peng, C.J. Barrow, M. Yang, H. Wang, W. Yang, Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 113, 386 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Kundu, B. Sen Gupta, M.A. Hashim, G. Redzwan, J. Clean. Prod. 105, 420 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H.P.S.A. Khalil, N.A.S. Aprilia, A.H. Bhat, M. Jawaid, M.T. Paridah, D. Rudi, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 22, 667 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. L. Muniandy, F. Adam, A.R. Mohamed, E.P. Ng, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 197, 316 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. K.Y. Foo, B.H. Hameed, Bioresour. Technol. 111, 425 (2012)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. P.S. Thue, G.S. dos Reis, E.C. Lima, J.M. Sieliechi, G.L. Dotto, A.G.N. Wamba, S.L.P. Dias, F.A. Pavan, Res. Chem. Intermed. 43, 1063 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M.A.F. Mazlan, Y. Uemura, S. Yusup, F. Elhassan, A. Uddin, A. Hiwada, M. Demiya, Proc. Eng. 148, 530 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Ghaedi, H. Mazaheri, S. Khodadoust, S. Hajati, M.K. Purkait, Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 135, 479 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Jain, S. Jayaraman, M. Ulaganathan, R. Balasubramanian, V. Aravindan, M.P. Srinivasan, S. Madhavi, Electrochim. Acta 228, 131 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. F. Kazemi, H. Younesi, A.A. Ghoreyshi, N. Bahramifar, A. Heidari, Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 100, 22 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.J. Salazar-Rabago, R. Leyva-Ramos, J. Rivera-Utrilla, R. Ocampo-Perez, F.J. Cerino-Cordova, Sustain. Environ. Res. 27, 32 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Y.P. Huang, C.H. Hou, H.C. Hsi, J.W. Wu, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 50, 266 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Boopathy, S. Karthikeyan, A.B. Mandal, G. Sekaran, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 20, 533 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. T. Bohli, A. Ouederni, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23, 15852 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. B. Zhang, X. Han, P. Gu, S. Fang, J. Bai, J. Mol. Liq. 238, 316 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. H. Kalavathy, B. Karthik, L.R. Miranda, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 78, 291 (2010)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. A.B. Albadarin, M.N. Collins, M. Naushad, S. Shirazian, G. Walker, C. Mangwandi, Chem. Eng. J. 307, 264 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. M.V. Subbaiah, D.S. Kim, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 128, 109 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. H. Sharififard, F. Pepe, P. Aprea, B. de Gennaro, Res. Chem. Intermed. 43, 6553 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J.R. Garcia, U. Sedran, M.A.A. Zaini, Z.A. Zakaria, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25, 5076 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. A.M. Aljeboree, A.N. Alshirifi, A.F. Alkaim, Arab. J. Chem. 10, S3381 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. W. Tanthapanichakoon, P. Ariyadejwanich, P. Japthong, K. Nakagawa, S.R. Mukai, H. Tamon, Water Res. 39, 1347 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. M.A. Ahmad, R. Alrozi, Chem. Eng. J. 165, 883 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. I.A.W. Tan, A.L. Ahmad, B.H. Hameed, Chem. Eng. J. 137, 462 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. B.H. Hameed, I.A.W. Tan, A.L. Ahmad, J. Hazard. Mater. 158, 324 (2008)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. M.A. Ahmad, R. Alrozi, Chem. Eng. J. 168, 280 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. R.L. Burwell, Pure Appl. Chem. 46, 71 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. K.K. Beltrame, A.L. Cazetta, P.S.C. de Souza, L. Spessato, T.L. Silva, V.C. Almeida, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 147, 64 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. T. Maneerung, J. Liew, Y. Dai, S. Kawi, C. Chong, C.H. Wang, Bioresour. Technol. 200, 350 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. O. Pezoti Junior, A.L. Cazetta, R.C. Gomes, E.O. Barizao, I.P.A.F. Souza, A.C. Martins, T. Asefa, V.C. Almeida, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 105, 166 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. K.Y. Foo, B.H. Hameed, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 148, 191 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. M.A. Islam, M.J. Ahmed, W.A. Khanday, M. Asif, B.H. Hameed, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 138, 279 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. M.A. Islam, S. Sabar, A. Benhouria, W.A. Khanday, M. Asif, B.H. Hameed, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 74, 96 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. W.A. Khanday, F. Marrakchi, M. Asif, B.H. Hameed, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 70, 32 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. F. Marrakchi, M.J. Ahmed, W.A. Khanday, M. Asif, B.H. Hameed, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 98, 233 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. X. Duan, C. Srinivasakannan, X. Wang, F. Wang, X. Liu, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 70, 374 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to Universiti Sains Malaysia under the Iconic grant scheme (Grant No. 1001/CKT/870023) for research associated with the Solid Waste Management Cluster and Bridging grant (304.PJKIMIA.6316100).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Unicity Sungai Chuchuh, 02100, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia

    Azduwin Khasri

  2. Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

    Olugbenga Solomon Bello

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Azduwin Khasri & Mohd Azmier Ahmad

Authors
  1. Azduwin Khasri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Olugbenga Solomon Bello
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohd Azmier Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohd Azmier Ahmad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khasri, A., Bello, O.S. & Ahmad, M.A. Mesoporous activated carbon from Pentace species sawdust via microwave-induced KOH activation: optimization and methylene blue adsorption. Res Chem Intermed 44, 5737–5757 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-018-3452-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-018-3452-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation