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Kinetics and isotherm modeling of phenol adsorption by immobilizable activated carbon

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Abstract

For the present study, activated carbon–epoxidized natural rubber–poly(vinyl)chloride composite was fabricated on the glass plates to remove phenol from the aqueous solution. The best fitting of kinetics and isotherm modeling was established using the nonlinear and linear regression analyses. The statistical functions such as R2, χ2 and RMSE were used to determine the best-fitting of the adsorption modeling. It was found that the adsorption data best-fitted the PSO kinetics model for both nonlinear and linear regression analyses. The best-fitting isotherm models for both analyses was the Freundlich model with the highest R2 and lowest χ2 and RMSE values among all models. The intraparticle diffusion was the sole rate-controlling step during the phenol uptake onto the immobilized AC composite. The plot exhibited multilinear portions, which corresponded to three stages of adsorption. The nonlinear regression modeling for kinetics and isotherm achieved higher R2 with lower χ2 and RMSE values as compared to the linear regression showing that the former analysis is more robust, accurate and consistent than the latter approach. Based on the results of the analysis, it is highly recommended to use nonlinear regression when dealing with the adsorption data for the specific and accurate fitting of kinetics and isotherm models.

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Abbreviations

K L :

Langmuir constant (L mg−1)

q m :

Maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)

b T :

Temkin isotherm constant

K T :

Temkin isotherm equilibrium binding constant (L g−1)

K ad :

Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm constant (mol2 kJ−2)

ε :

Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm constant

q d :

Theoretical isotherm saturation capacity (mg g−1)

K R :

Redlich–Peterson isotherm constant (L g−1)

A R :

Redlich–Peterson isotherm constant (mg−1)

g :

Redlich–Peterson isotherm exponent

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PET:

Polyehtylene terephthalate

R :

Universal gas constant (8.314 J mol−1 K−1)

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for providing the research facilities and grant (PRGS: 1001/PKIMIA/843040). N.N. Bahrudin was thankful to USM for Graduate Assistant appointment and Malaysian Ministry of Education for the Mini Budget scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    N. N. Bahrudin & M. A. Nawi

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

    Lelifajri

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  1. N. N. Bahrudin
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  2. M. A. Nawi
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  3. Lelifajri
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Correspondence to N. N. Bahrudin.

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Bahrudin, N.N., Nawi, M.A. & Lelifajri Kinetics and isotherm modeling of phenol adsorption by immobilizable activated carbon. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 126, 61–82 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-018-01528-y

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