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Influence of the preparation method of sulfated zirconia nanoparticles for levulinic acid esterification

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Abstract

Zirconia nanomaterials were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis with or without template and were modified by post synthesis method with sulfate groups. The materials were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, TEM, N2 physisorption, FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine TG analysis and XPS spectroscopy. The catalytic performance of nanosized ZrO2 catalysts and their sulfated modifications was studied in levulinic acid esterification with ethanol. The sulfate group’s dispersion was predetermined by the use of template during the mesoporous zirconia synthesis. A relation between sulfate groups leaching and the applied synthesis conditions (with or without template) of the zirconia nanoparticles was found. Sulfated materials showed significantly higher activity compared to non-sulfated ones. Furthermore, it has been found that the presence of template during the mesoporous ZrO2 nanoparticles preparation influences significantly the zirconia phase and catalytic performance in levulinic acid esterification.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the COST action FP 1306, ДКOCT 01/21 and by the Bulgarian-Hungarian Inter-Academic Exchange Agreement is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Margarita Popova, Hristina Lazarova & Momtchil Dimitrov

  2. Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary

    Ágnes Szegedi

  3. Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Yuri Kalvachev

  4. Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Genoveva Atanasova

  5. National Institute of Chemistry Slovenia, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Alenka Ristić

  6. Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Nicole Wilde & Roger Gläser

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  1. Margarita Popova
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  2. Ágnes Szegedi
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Correspondence to Margarita Popova.

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Popova, M., Szegedi, Á., Lazarova, H. et al. Influence of the preparation method of sulfated zirconia nanoparticles for levulinic acid esterification. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 120, 55–67 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-016-1088-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-016-1088-4

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