Skip to main content
Log in

Alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with MTBE catalyzed by 12-tungstophoric acid supported on neutral alumina

  • Published:
Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with MTBE catalyzed by neutral alumina-supported heteropolyphosphotungstic acids and several other kinds of solid acids was investigated. The results indicate that the reaction activity is correlated with the total acidity of catalysts and the distributions of O-alkylated, mono- and di-C-alkylated products correspond to weak, moderate and strong acidity of catalysts, respectively. They are tunable by supporting different amounts of H3PW12O40 on neutral alumina, and the supported catalysts can be reused.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mahon, J.H., Chapman, R.A.: Estimation of 2- and 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole isomers in commercial butylated hydroxyanisole. Anal. Chem. 24, 534–536 (1952)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kraybill, H.R., Dugan, L.R.: ANTIOXIDANTS new developments for food use. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2, 81–84 (1954)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Szalkowski, C.R., Garber, J.B.: Determination of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxytoluene (BHT): application to edible fats and oils. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 10, 490–495 (1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Alkylation of phenols. US 2,470,902 (C 07 C 37/11), publ. 24.05.49

  5. Preparation of tertiary butyl hydroquinone. US 2,722,556 (C 07 C 37/16), publ. 01.11.55

  6. Timofeeva, M.N.: Acid catalysis by heteropoly acids. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 256, 19–35 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Okuhara, T.: Water-tolerant solid acid catalysts. Chem. Rev. 102, 3641–3666 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kuang, W., Rives, A., Fournier, M.M., Hubaut, R.: Structure and reactivity of silica-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 250, 221–229 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bhatt, N., Patel, A.: Liquid phase tert-butylation of cresols catalysed by 12-tungstophosphoricacid and 12-tungstosilicicacid supported onto neutral alumina. Catal. Lett. 113, 99–103 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Devassy, B.M., Halligudi, S.B.: Zirconia-supported heteropoly acids: Characterization and catalytic behavior in liquid-phase veratrole benzoylation. J. Catal. 236, 313–323 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bachiller-Baeza, B., Anderson, J.A.: FTIR and reaction studies of styrene and toluene over silica–zirconia-supported heteropoly acid catalysts. J. Catal. 228, 225–233 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yadav, G.D., Doshi, N.S.: Alkylation of phenol with methyl-tert-butyl ether and tert-butanol over solid acids: efficacies of clay-based catalysts. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 236, 129–147 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yadav, G.D., Rahuman, M.S.M.: Efficacy of solid acids in the synthesis of butylated hydroxyl anisoles by alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with MTBE. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 253, 113–123 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Li, G., Ren, F.G., Cui, Y.J., Yang, F., Zhang, J.: Alkylation of 2-naphthol with long-chain olefins over zeolites. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 93, 109–117 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Subramanian, S., Mitra, A., Satyanarayana, C.V.V., Chakrabarty, D.K.: Para-selective butylation of phenol over silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve SAPO-11 catalyst. Appl. Catal. A Gen 159, 229–240 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sugii, T., Ohnishi, R., Zhang, J., Miyaji, A., Kamiya, Y., Okuhara, T.: Acidity-attenuated heteropolyacid catalysts: acidity measurement using benzonitrile-TPD and catalytic performance in the skeletal isomerization of n-heptane. Catal. Today 116, 179–183 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Zhimin Wang from Zhejiang Shuren University for GC–MS measurements. We are grateful to the financial support given by NSFC (20573094).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianxin Mao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cai, H., Mao, J., Tao, Y. et al. Alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol with MTBE catalyzed by 12-tungstophoric acid supported on neutral alumina. React Kinet Catal Lett 97, 43–50 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-009-0021-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-009-0021-5

Keywords

Navigation