Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth in Tunisia

  • Published:
Quality & Quantity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this document is to investigate the dynamic relationship between economic growth, renewable energy consumption, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Tunisia over the period 1990–2015. Unit root tests and co-integration test was used in order to detect the order of stationary and to test the existence long run links between the used variables. We apply the Granger causality test and VECM model to discover the short and long run links between the variables. Results have shown a bidirectional causal relationship between energy use and CO2 emissions. Economic growth affects CO2 emission in the short and long run. While there is a unidirectional links running from energy use to economic growth at short run. The paper shares best practices from Tunisia in terms of efficient use of renewable energy policy enablers, which may be contextualized in other emerging economies in order to keep sustainability and to achieve the green economy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akpan, G.E., Akpan, U.F.: Electricity consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Nigeria. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 2(4), 292–306 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Alam, M.J., Begum, I.A., Buysse, J., Rahman, S., Van Huylenbroeck, G.: Dynamic modeling of causal relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in India. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 15(6), 3243–3251 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alam, M.J., Begum, I.A., Buysse, J., Huylenbroeck, G.V.: Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth nexus in Bangladesh: cointegration and dynamic causality analysis. Energy Policy 45, 217–225 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-mulali, U., Fereidouni, H.G., Lee, J.Y., Sab, C.N.B.C.: Examining the bi-directional long run relationship between renewable energy consumption and GDP growth. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 22, 209–222 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apergis, N., Payne, J.E.: Renewable energy consumption and growth in Eurasia. Energy Econ. 32(6), 1392–1397 (2010a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apergis, N., Payne, J.E.: Renewable energy consumption and economic growth: evidence from a panel of OECD countries. Energy Policy 38, 656–660 (2010b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apergis, N., Payne, J.E.: The renewable energy consumption-growth nexus in Central America. Appl. Energy 88, 343–347 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apergis, N., Payne, J.E.: Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption- growth nexus: evidence from a panel error correction model. Energy Econ. 34, 733–738 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, J., Belke, A., Czudaj, R.: Regime-dependent adjustment in energy spot and futures markets. Econ. Modell. 40, 400–409 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belke, A., Dreger, C., Dobnik, F.: Energy consumption and economic growth—neinsights into the cointegration relationship. Energy Econ. 33(5), 782–789 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belloumi, M.: Energy consumption and GDP in Tunisia: cointegration and causality analysis. Energy Policy 37, 2745–2753 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden, N., Payne, J.E.: Sectoral analysis of the causal relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and real output in the US. Energy Sources Part B 5(4), 400–408 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eggoh, J.C., Bangake, Ch., Rault, C.: Energy consumption and economic growth revisited in African countries. Energy Policy 39, 7408–7421 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engle. R.F., Granger, C.W.J. (eds.): Long-run economic relationships: readings in cointegration. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1991)

  • Farhani, S.: Renewable energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions: evidence from selected MENA countries. Energy Econ. Lett. 1(2), 24–41 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, B., Hwang, M.J., Yang, C.W.: Causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP growth revisited: a dynamic panel data approach. Ecol. Econ. 66, 41–54 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jbir, R., Zouari-ghorbel, S.: Recent oil price shock and the Tunisian economy. Energy Policy 37, 1041–1051 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaygusuz, K.: Energy and environmental issues relating to greenhouse gas emissions for sustainable development in Turkey. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 13, 253–270 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S.W., Lee, K., Nam, K.: The relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth: the case of Korea with nonlinear evidence. Energy Policy 38(10), 5938–5946 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraft, J., Kraft, A.: Note and Comments: on the Relationship between Energy and GNP. The Journal of Energy and Development 3, 401–403 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, X., Naminse, E.Y., Du, J., Zhuang, J.: Nonrenewable energy, renewable energy, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth in China from 1952 to 2012. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 52, 680–688 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mbarek, M.B., Ali, N.B., Feki, R.: Causality relationship between CO2 emissions, GDP and energy intensity in Tunisia. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 16, 1253–1262 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mbarek, M.B., Khairallah, R., Feki, R.: Causality relationships between renewable energy, nuclear energy and economic growth in France. Environ. Syst. Decis. 35(1), 133–142 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menegaki, A.N.: Growth and renewable energy in Europe: a random effect model with evidence for neutrality hypothesis. Energy Econ. 33, 257–263 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menyah, K., Wolde-Rufael, Y.: Energy consumption, pollutant emissions and economic growth in South Africa. Energy Econ. 32, 1374–1382 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narayan, P.K., Smyth, R.: Energy consumption and real GDP in G7 countries: new evidence from panel cointegration with structural breaks. Energy Econ. 30(5), 2331–2341 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ocal, O., Aslan, A.: Renewable energy consumption–economic growth nexus inTurkey. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 28, 494–499 (2013a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ocal, O., Aslan, A.: Renewable energy consumption–economic growth nexus in Turkey. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 28, 494–499 (2013b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk, I., Aslan, A., Kalyoncu, H.: Energy consumption and economic growth relationship: evidence from panel data for low and middle income countries. Energy Policy 38, 4422–4428 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pao, H.-T., Fu, H.-C.: Renewable energy, non-renewable energy and economic growth in Brazil. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 25, 381–392 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pao, H.T., Yu, H.C., Yang, Y.H.: Modeling the CO2 emissions, energy use, and economic growth in Russia. Energy 36, 5094–5100 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reboredo, J.C.: Renewable energy contribution to the energy supply: is there convergence across countries? Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. V 45, 290–295 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saboori, B., Sulaiman, J.: CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries: a cointegration approach. Energy 55, 813–822 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadorsky, P.: Renewable energy consumption and income in emerging economies. Energy Policy 37, 4021–4028 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saidi, K., Hammami, S.: Energy consumption and economic growth nexus: empirical evidence from Tunisia. Am. J. Energy Res. 2(4), 81–89 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saidi, K., Hammami, S.: The impact of CO2 emissions and economic growth on energy consumption in 58 countries. Energy Rep. 1, 62–70 (2015a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saidi, K., Hammami, S.: The impact of energy consumption and CO2 emissions on economic growth: fresh evidence from dynamic simultaneous-equations models. Sustain. Cities Soc. 14, 178–186 (2015b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salahuddin, M., Gow, J.: Economic growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Energy 73, 44–58 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sari, R., Ewing, B.T., Soytas, U.: The relationship between disaggregate energy consumption and industrial production in the United States: an ARDL approach. Energy Econ. 30, 2302–2313 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sebri, M.: Use renewables to be cleaner: meta-analysis of the renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 42, 657–665 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tugcu, C.T., Ozturk, I., Aslan, A.: Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth relationship revisited: evidence from G7 countries. Energy Econ. 34, 1942–1950 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, H. X.: Linear and nonlinear causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the USA. J. Econ. Bus. 34(2), 309–332 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yildirim, E., Sarac, S., Aslan, A.: Energy consumption and economic growth in the USA: evidence from renewable energy. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16, 6770–6774 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

    Mounir Ben Mbarek & Kais Saidi

  2. School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia

    Mohammad Mafizur Rahman

Authors
  1. Mounir Ben Mbarek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kais Saidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mounir Ben Mbarek.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ben Mbarek, M., Saidi, K. & Rahman, M.M. Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth in Tunisia. Qual Quant 52, 1105–1119 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0506-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0506-7

Keywords

JEL Classification

Search

Navigation