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Impact of Medical Marijuana Laws on State-Level Marijuana Use by Age and Gender, 2004–2013

Prevention Science volume 20, pages 205–214 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

In states that have passed medical marijuana laws (MMLs), marijuana use (MU) increased after MML enactment among people ages 26 and older, but not among ages 12–25. We examined whether the age-specific impact of MMLs on MU varied by gender. Data were obtained from the 2004–2013 restricted-use National Survey on Drug Use and Health, aggregated at the state level. The exposure was a time-varying indicator of state-level MML (0 = No Law, 1 = Before Law, 2 = After Law). Outcomes included past-month MU prevalence, daily MU prevalence among past-year users (i.e., 300+ days/year), and past-year marijuana use disorder (MUD) prevalence. Linear models tested the state-level MML effect on outcomes by age (12–17, 18–25, 26+) and gender. Models included a state-level random intercept and controlled for time- and state-level covariates. Past-month MU did not increase after enactment of MML in men or women ages 12–25. Among people 26+, past-month MU increased for men from 7.0% before to 8.7% after enactment (+ 1.7%, p < 0.001) and for women from 3.1% before to 4.3% after enactment (+ 1.1%, p = 0.013). Among users 26+, daily MU also increased after enactment in both genders (men 16.3 to 19.1%, + 2.8%, p = 0.014; women 9.2 to 12.7%, + 3.4%, p = 0.003). There were no statistically significant increases in past-year MUD prevalence for any age or gender group after MML enactment. Given the statistically significant increase in daily use among past-year users aged 26+ following enactment, education campaigns should focus on informing the public of the risks associated with regular marijuana use.

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Fig. 1

Abbreviations

MML:

Medical marijuana laws

MU:

Marijuana use

MUD:

Marijuana use disorder

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse (grant R01 DA037866 to S. S. Martins). Santaella-Tenorio is funded by the J. William Fulbright and the Colciencias doctoral scholarships. P. Mauro is funded through training grant T32 DA031099 (PI: Hasin).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Christine M. Mauro

  2. Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Paul Newswanger

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Pia M. Mauro, Hannah Carliner & Silvia S. Martins

  4. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA

    Hannah Carliner

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  1. Christine M. Mauro
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  2. Paul Newswanger
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  4. Pia M. Mauro
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  5. Hannah Carliner
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  6. Silvia S. Martins
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Correspondence to Christine M. Mauro.

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Mauro, C.M., Newswanger, P., Santaella-Tenorio, J. et al. Impact of Medical Marijuana Laws on State-Level Marijuana Use by Age and Gender, 2004–2013. Prev Sci 20, 205–214 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0848-3

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Keywords

  • Medical marijuana laws
  • Cannabis
  • Gender
  • Marijuana use