Abstract
In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded community-based organizations (CBOs) to deliver Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) to young men of color who have sex with men. Although 3MV, a group-level behavioral intervention designed to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors of black men who have sex with men (MSM), has shown effectiveness when delivered in a controlled research environment, there is limited evidence that the intervention is associated with similar outcomes in “real world” settings. For the current project, CDC funded three CBOs to conduct outcome monitoring of the 3MV intervention to determine if young MSM of color report changes in HIV risk behaviors postintervention. Using a repeated measures design, risk behaviors were collected at baseline and again at 3 and 6 months postintervention. Changes in risk behaviors were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Participants (n = 337) reported decreases in sexual risk behaviors at both follow-up time points, such as sex without a condom, sex without a condom and multiple partners, and sex without a condom with serodiscordant or status unknown partners. Results suggest that 3MV may be an effective tool for reducing HIV risk behaviors in this critical target population.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). CDC funding opportunity announcement PS06-618. http://www.cdc.gov/od/pgo/funding/PS08-812.htm. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Many Men, Many Voices: A group-level intervention for gay men of color fact sheet. http://www.effectiveinterventions.org/Libraries/3MV_Implementation_Materials/3MV_Fact_Sheet.sflb.ashx. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). High-impact HIV prevention: CDC’s approach to reducing HIV infections in the United States. http://www.effectiveinterventions.org/Libraries/General_Docs/12-0209_HIP_CDCs_Approach_red_booklet.sflb.ashx. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012a). HIV surveillance supplemental report 2012; 17. Estimated HIV incidence in the United States, 2007–2010. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_hssr_vol_17_no_4.pdf. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012b). Effective interventions: HIV prevention that works. http://www.effectiveinterventions.org/en/home.aspx. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Compendium of evidence-based HIV behavioral interventions. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/dhap/prb/prs/index.html. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Collins, C., Harshbarger, C., Sawyer, R., & Hamdallah, M. (2006). The diffusion of effective behavioral interventions project: Development, implementation, and lessons learned. AIDS Education and Prevention, 18, 5–20.
Davidovich, U., de Wit, J., Albrecht, N., Geskus, R., Stroebe, W., & Coutinho, R. (2001). Increase in the share of steady partners as a source of HIV infection: A 17-year study of seroconversion among gay men. AIDS, 15, 1303–1308.
Fisher, H. H., Patel-Larson, A., Green, K., Shapatava, E., Uhl, G., Kalayil, E. J., et al. (2011). Evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention for African Americans and Hispanics: Findings from the VOICES/VOCES Community-Based Organization Behavioral Outcomes Project. AIDS and Behavior, 15, 1691–1706.
Gardner, W. I., Mulvey, E. P., & Shaw, E. C. (1995). Regression analyses of counts and rates: Poisson, overdispersed Poisson, and negative binomial models. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 392–404.
Heitgerd, J. L., Kalayil, E. J., Patel-Larson, A., Uhl, G., Williams, W. O., Griffin, T., & Smith, B. D. (2011). Reduced sexual risk behaviors among people living with HIV: Results from the healthy relationships outcome monitoring project. AIDS and Behavior, 15, 1677–1690.
Johnson, W. D., Diaz, R. M., Flanders, W. D., Goodman, M., Hill, A. N., Holtgrave, D., et al. (2008). Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 16, CD001230. http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001230/frame.html. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Liang, K. Y., & Zeger, S. L. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika, 73, 13–22.
Lix, L. M., & Keselman, H. J. (1998). To trim or not to trim: Tests of location equality under heteroscedasticity and nonnormality. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58, 409–429.
Office of National AIDS Policy. (2010). National HIV/AIDS strategy for the United States. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/uploads/NHAS.pdf. Accessed 11 Jul 2014.
Pan, W. (2001). Akaike’s information criterion in generalized estimating equations. Biometrics, 57, 120–125.
Sapiano, T., Moore, A., Kalayil, E., Zhang, X., Chen, B., Uhl, G., et al. (2013). Evaluation of an HIV prevention intervention designed for African American women: Results from the SISTA Community-Based Organization Behavioral Outcomes Project. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 1052–1067.
Streiner, D., & Geddes, J. (2001). Intention to treat analysis in clinical trials when there are missing data. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 4, 70–71.
Venigas, R. C., Kao, U. H., & Rosales, R. (2009). Adapting HIV prevention evidence-based interventions in practice settings: An interview study. Implementation Science, 4, 76.1–76.9.
Wilton, L., Herbst, J. H., Coury-Doniger, P., Painter, T., English, G., Alvarez, M. E., et al. (2009). Efficacy of an HIV/STI prevention intervention for black men who have sex with men: Findings from the Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) project. AIDS and Behavior, 13, 532–544.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Stein, R., Shapatava, E., Williams, W. et al. Reduced Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young Men of Color Who Have Sex with Men: Findings from the Community-Based Organization Behavioral Outcomes of Many Men, Many Voices (CBOP-3MV) Project. Prev Sci 16, 1147–1158 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0565-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0565-8