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The Evaluation of Two First-Grade Preventive Interventions on Childhood Aggression and Adolescent Marijuana Use: A Latent Transition Longitudinal Mixture Model

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Abstract

Aggressive, disruptive behavior during early childhood has been linked to a number of later negative outcomes, one of them being adolescent marijuana use. This study evaluates the impact of two first-grade universal interventions (classroom-centered and family–school partnership) on the development of aggression in early childhood (grades 1–3) and marijuana use in adolescence (grades 8–12) via a latent transition longitudinal mixture model. For males, despite the significant proximal impact of the classroom-centered intervention on trajectory class membership of early childhood aggression, as well as the significant association between aggression trajectory class membership and marijuana use longitudinal latent class membership, the predicted probabilities of being in the high frequency marijuana use class did not differ significantly by intervention status, though in the expected direction. Associations for females are limited to the proximal impact of the classroom-centered intervention on trajectory class membership of aggression. This study extends the prior work of Petras et al. (Prev Sci 12:300–313, 2011) by considering that aggressive, disruptive behavior during early childhood is linked not only to adolescent aggressive, disruptive behavior (i.e., homotypic continuity) but also to adolescent marijuana use (i.e., heterotypic continuity) and by considering that an early intervention may influence later non-targeted behaviors through these heterotypic developmental pathways. Implications for developmental theories and substance abuse prevention are discussed.

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Notes

  1. Furthermore, the selected two-class model captures the non-normal individual variability around the mean trajectory more adequately than a single class latent growth model (i.e., functional form), reflected not only in the improvement in fit of the mixture model over a the single class growth model but also in the fact that the univariate skewness and kurtosis values for the three repeated outcomes were estimated more accurately by the selected two-class model than the single class model that assumes multivariate normality of the observed outcomes (data available upon request). Beyond matters of fit to the repeated measures data, we also favor the growth mixture model over the single class growth model in this setting because it automatically allows for the possibility of nonlinear relationships between the treatment group membership and the latent growth factors and between the latent growth factors and subsequent patterns of marijuana use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Substance Abuse, Mental Health, & Criminal Justice, NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East–West Highway, 8th Floor, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA

    Weiwei Liu

  2. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Sarah D. Lynne-Landsman

  3. JBS International, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA

    Hanno Petras

  4. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Katherine Masyn

  5. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Hanno Petras & Nicholas Ialongo

Authors
  1. Weiwei Liu
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  2. Sarah D. Lynne-Landsman
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  3. Hanno Petras
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  4. Katherine Masyn
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  5. Nicholas Ialongo
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Correspondence to Weiwei Liu.

Additional information

Preparation of this manuscript was partly supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (T32 MH18834 PI: Nicholas Ialongo). This work was performed while Weiwei Liu was a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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Liu, W., Lynne-Landsman, S.D., Petras, H. et al. The Evaluation of Two First-Grade Preventive Interventions on Childhood Aggression and Adolescent Marijuana Use: A Latent Transition Longitudinal Mixture Model. Prev Sci 14, 206–217 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0375-9

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