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Is vegetative area, photosynthesis, or grape C uploading involved in the climate change-related grape sugar/anthocyanin decoupling in Tempranillo?

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Abstract

Foreseen climate change is expected to impact on grape composition, both sugar and pigment content. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between main factors associated with climate change (elevated CO2, elevated temperature, and water deficit) decouple sugars and anthocyanins, and explored the possible involvement of vegetative area, photosynthesis, and grape C uploading on the decoupling. Tempranillo grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings were exposed to CO2 (700 vs. 400 ppm), temperature (ambient vs. + 4 °C), and irrigation levels (partial vs. full) in temperature-gradient greenhouses. In a search for mechanistic insights into the underlying processes, experiments 1 and 2 were designed to maximize photosynthesis and enlarge leaf area range among treatments, whereas plant growth was manipulated in order to deliberately down-regulate photosynthesis and control vegetative area in experiments 3 and 4. Towards this aim, treatments were applied either from fruit set to maturity with free vegetation and fully irrigated or at 5–8% of pot capacity (experiments 1 and 2), or from veraison to maturity with controlled vegetation and fully irrigated or at 40% of pot capacity (experiments 3 and 4). Modification of air 13C isotopic composition under elevated CO2 enabled the further characterization of whole C fixation period and C partitioning to grapes. Increases of the grape sugars-to-anthocyanins ratio were highly and positively correlated with photosynthesis and grape 13C labeling, but not with vegetative area. Evidence is presented for photosynthesis, from fruit set to veraison, and grape C uploading, from veraison to maturity, as key processes involved in the establishment and development, respectively, of the grape sugars to anthocyanins decoupling.

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Abbreviations

AN :

Net photosynthesis

PI:

Partially irrigated

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

Tamb :

Ambient temperature

TGG:

Temperature-gradient greenhouse

TOM:

Total organic matter

TSS:

Total soluble solids

T+4 :

Elevated temperature

WI:

Well irrigated

WSC:

Water-soluble compounds

δ13C:

C isotopic composition

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Acknowledgements

Science and Innovation (BFU2008-01405/BFI), Economy and Competitiveness (AGL2014-56075-C2-1-R) Spanish Ministries, Aragón Government (A03 group) and the Basque Government (IT-932-16) for financial support, Navarra University “Asociación de Amigos” for Carolina Salazar-Parra grant, A. Urdiain, M. Oyarzun for excellent technical assistance, and EVENA for dormant cuttings supply.

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  1. Carolina Salazar-Parra

    Present address: Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA La Platina, Santa Rosa, 11610, Santiago, Chile

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas (Dpto. de Biología Ambiental), Unidad Asociada al CSIC, EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño. Facultades de Ciencias y Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain

    Carolina Salazar-Parra, Inmaculada Pascual, Jone Aguirreolea, Manuel Sánchez-Díaz & Juan José Irigoyen

  2. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra-CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, 31192, Mutilva Baja, Spain

    Iker Aranjuelo & Fermín Morales

  3. Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona and AGROTECNIO (Center for Research in Agrotechnology), Lleida, Spain

    José Luis Araus

  4. Dpto. de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apdo. 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain

    Fermín Morales

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  1. Carolina Salazar-Parra
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Salazar-Parra, C., Aranjuelo, I., Pascual, I. et al. Is vegetative area, photosynthesis, or grape C uploading involved in the climate change-related grape sugar/anthocyanin decoupling in Tempranillo?. Photosynth Res 138, 115–128 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-018-0552-6

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