Abstract
Private sector lays a strong emphasis on acquiring knowledge, because in today’s world, it is knowledge that is the primary source of sustained profitability. Public sector organizations also need to be learning organizations. However, they are constrained by a number of factors. This paper discusses different models for knowledge sharing, but finds them inadequate for the public sector. It then develops a model of Knowledge Groups that creates synergy across the public sector by formally gathering professionals from different and even competing public sector organizations for a clearly defined and mutually valued goal. The paper also identifies risks that may lead to the failure of Knowledge Groups. It concludes by presenting a case study on Energy Management and analyzes the dynamics of interaction between Group members for formulating guidelines and standards on the subject.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Private sector is not entirely excluded, but the Group is primarily meant for the public sector.
A vertically integrated utility in Pakistan, that generates most of the electricity and distributes it to domestic, commercial and industrial consumers though its distribution companies.
National Energy Conservation Center under Ministry of Environment.
References
Andersen, A., & World Bank. (1996). World Bank knowledge management concept paper: A practical approach.
Argyris, C., & Schon, D. (1978). Organisational learning. London: Addison-Wesley.
Baird, L., & Griffin, D. (2006). Adaptability and responsiveness: the case for dynamic learning. Organizational Dynamics, 35(4), 372–383. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2006.08.002.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1971). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: Insington.
Cross, R., & Thomas, R. J. (2008). How top talent uses networks and where rising stars get trapped. Organizational Dynamics, 37(2), 165–180. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2008.02.001.
Cross, R., Parker, A., Prusak, L., & Borgatti, S. P. (2001). Knowing what we know: supporting knowledge creation and sharing in social networks. Organizational Dynamics, 30(2), 100–120. doi:10.1016/S0090-2616(01)00046-8.
David, P. A., & Foray, D. (2003). Economic fundamentals of the knowledge society. Policy Futures in Education, 1(1), 20–49.
Drucker, P. F. (1994). Post-capitalist society. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Dunford, R. (2000). Key challenges in the search for the effective management of knowledge in management consulting firms. Journal of Knowledge Management, 4(4), 295–302.
Evers, H.-D., & Menkhoff, T. (2002). Selling expert knowledge: The role of consultants in Singapore’s new economy. ZEF—Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 55. Bonn: Center for Development Research, University of Bonn.
Gilson, C., Dunleavy, P., & Tinkler, J. (2009). Organizational learning in government sector organizations: Literature review. London: LSE Policy Group.
Heusinkveld, S., & Benders, J. (2005). Contested commodification: consultancies and their struggle with new concept development. Human Relations, 58(3), 283–310.
Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. The Executive, 7(1), 81–94.
Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2006). The impact of organizational context and information technology on employee knowledge-sharing capabilities. Public Administration Review, 66(3), 370–385.
King, K., & Mcgrath, S. (2000). Becoming a knowledge bank? The World Bank’s emerging approach to knowledge, partnership and development in the time of globalisation. Edinburgh: Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh.
Leeuw, F. L., Rist, R. C., & Sonnichsen, R. C. (1994). Can governments learn?: comparative perspectives on evaluation and organizational learning. Comparative policy analysis series. New Brunswick: Transaction.
Ley, T., Ulbrich, A., Scheir, P., Lindstaedt, S. N., Kump, B., & Albert, D. (2008). Modeling competencies for supporting work-integrated learning in knowledge work. Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(6), 31–47. doi:10.1108/13673270810913603.
Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42.
National Audit Office. (2009). Helping government learn. London: The Stationary Office.
Pedler, M., Burgoyne, J., & Boydell, T. (1991). The learning company: A strategy for sustainable development. London: McGraw-Hill.
Quinn, J. B. (1992). Intelligent enterprise: a knowledge and service based paradigm for industry. New York: Free Press.
Raza, A., Kausar, A. R., & Paul, D. (2007). The social management of embodied knowledge in a knowledge community. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(5), 45–54. doi:10.1108/13673270710819799.
Senge, P. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and science of learning organization. New York: Doubleday.
Sturdy, A., Schwarz, M., & Spicer, A. (2006). Guess who’s coming to dinner? Structures and uses of liminality in strategic management consultancy. Human Relations, 59(7), 929–960.
Taminiau, Y., Smit, W., & De Lange, A. (2009). Innovation in management consulting firms through informal knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(1), 42–55. doi:10.1108/13673270910931152.
UNESCO. (2000). Development and international cooperation in the twenty-first century: the role of information technology in the context of a knowledge-based global economy. New York: United Nations Economic and Social Council.
Verhoest, K., Bouckaert, G., & Peters, B. G. (2007). Janus-faced reorganization: specialization and coordination in four OECD countries in the period 1980 2005. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 73(3), 325–348. doi:10.1177/0020852307081144.
Von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K., & Nonaka, I. (2000). Enabling knowledge creation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
World Bank. (1998). World development report: Knowledge for development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Acknowledgements
The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Mr. Khalid Farooq, ex-Deputy Auditor General, who first introduced him to the concept.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
I am grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier draft of the paper.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, I.A. Knowledge Groups: A Model for Creating Synergy Across the Public Sector. Public Organ Rev 10, 139–152 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-009-0101-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-009-0101-z