Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Inheritance and Molecular Marker for Flowering Time in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The mixed inheritance model involving major genes and polygenes was used to analyze the inheritance of radish flowering time trait in the B1, B2, F1, and F2 generations. Our results showed that flowering time was regulated by two additive-dominant-epistatic major genes and additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes (E-0 model). The major gene heritability estimated for the B1, B2, and F2 generations was 70.48%, 82.80%, and 86.90%, respectively, while the polygene heritability estimated was 0.00, 12.58%, and 8.19%, respectively. These results suggested that the flowering time of radish was regulated by major genes, with polygenes playing only a minor role. In practice, high heritability of major genes is favorable for an efficient selection of B2 and F2 generations during radish breeding. Six hundred twenty-six SSR markers were screened between late-bolting bulk and the early bolting bulk from F2 population. A marker RSS0119 associated to the flowering time trait was obtained, which revealed a high correlation with the flowering time in the F2 population as well as in 59 radish inbred lines (83.61% and 61.02%, respectively). Our findings will be useful for breeding late-bolting varieties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Cao XW, Liu B, Zhang YM (2013) SEA: a software package of segregation analysis of quantitative traits in plants. J Nanjing Agric Univ 36(6):1–6 in Chinese with English abstract

    Google Scholar 

  • Gai JY, Zhang YM, Wang JK (2003) Genetic system of quantitative traits in plants. Science Press, Beijing, pp 120–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Ji XH, Yin L, Shen BY, Zhang L, Wang YG, Feng H (2013) Inheritance analysis of bolting correlated traits using mixed major gene plus polygene model in Brassica rapa. Chin Agric Sci Bull 29(04):76–82 in Chinese with English abstract

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakizaki T, Kato T, Fukino N, Fukino N, Ishida M, Hatakeyama K, Matsumoto S (2011) Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling late bolting in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) parental line Nou 6 gou. Breed Sci 159:151–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang ES, Ha SM, Ko HC, Yu HJ, Chae WB (2016) Reproductive traits and molecular evidence related to the global distribution of cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Syst Evol 302:1367–1380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitamoto N, Yui S, Nishikawa K, Takahata Y, Yokoi S (2014) A naturally occurring long insertion in the first intron in the Brassica rapa FLC2 gene causes delayed bolting. Euphytica 196:213–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitashiba H, Li F, Hirakawa H, Kawanabe T, Zou Z, Hasegawa Y, Tonosaki K, Shirasawa S, Fukushima A, Yokoi S, Takahata Y, Kakizaki T, Ishida M, Okamoto S, Sakamoto K, Shirasawa K, Tabata S, Nishio T (2014) Draft sequences of the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genome. DNA Res 21:481–490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li M (2009) Inheritance and mapping QTL and physiology research on bolting and flowering characters in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Chinese academy of agriculture science, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Li XX, Shen D (2007) Descriptors and data standards for radish (Raphanus sativus L.). China Agric. Press, p 66 in Chinese

  • Li XF, Zhu HF, Zhu YY, Hou RX, Zhai W (2016) Inheritance of major gene plus polygene underlying bolting and flowering traits in Pak-choi. J Nucl Agric Sci 30(12):2318–2325 in Chinese with English abstract

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu LW, Zhao LP, Gong YQ, Wang MX (2008) DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of late-bolting radish cultivars with RAPD, ISSR and SRAP markers. Sci Hortic 116:240–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou P, Zhao JJ, Kim JS, Kim JS, Shen SX, Del Carpio DP, Song XF, Jin MN, Vreugdenhil D, Wang XW, Koornneef M, Bonnema G (2007) Quantitative trait loci for flowering time and morphological traits in multiple populations of Brassica rapa. J Exp Bot 58:4005–4016

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui Y, Shimomura M, Komatsu K, Namiki N, Shibata-Hatta M, Imai M, Katayose Y, Mukai Y, Kanamori H, Kurita K, Kagami T, Wakatsuki A, Ohyanagi H, Ikawa H, Minaka N, Nakagawa K, Shiwa Y, Sasaki T (2015) The radish genome and comprehensive gene expression profile of tuberous root formation and development. Sci Rep 5:10835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray MG, Thompson WF (1980) Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucl Acids Res 8:4321–4325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okazaki K, Sakamoto K, Kikuchi R, Saito A, Togashi E, Kuginuki Y, Matsumoto S, Hirai M (2007) Mapping and characterization of FLC homologs and QTL analysis of flowering time in Brassica oleracea. Theor Appl Genet 114:595–608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi ZY, Li JX, Raza MA, Zou XX, Cao LW, Rao LL, Chen LP (2015) Inheritance of fruit cracking resistance of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fitting E-0 genetic model using major gene plus polygene inheritance analysis. Sci Hortic 189:168–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schranz ME, Quijada P, Sung SB, Lukens L, Amasino R, Osborn TC (2002) Characterization and effects of the replicated flowering time gene FLC in Brassica rapa. Genetics 162:1457–1468

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shinohara S (1959) Genealogical studies on the phasic development of flowering centering on the cruciferous crops, especially on the role of vernalization on ripening seeds. Spec Bull Shizuoka Agric Exp Stn 6:1–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Shirasawa K, Oyama M, Hirakawa H, Sato S, Tabata S, Fujioka T, Kimizuka-Takagi C, Sasamoto S, Watanabe A, Kato M, Kishida Y, Kohara M, Takahashi C, Tsuruoka H, Wada T, Sakai T, Isobe S (2011) An EST-SSR linkage map of Raphanus sativus and comparative genomics of the Brassicaceae. DNA Res 18:221–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu JS, Liu YM, Li ZS, Zhang LL, Fang ZY, Yang LM, Zhuang M, Zhang YY, Lv H (2015) Genetic analysis of floral organ size in broccoli×cabbage via a mixed inheritance model of a major gene plus polygene. Genet Mol Res 15(2):15027554

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, He Q (2005) China radish. Scientific and Technical Documents Publishing House, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang WY, Zhang F, Yu XY, Shen XL, Ge YY, Zhang Z (2012) Genetic analysis and associated SRAP markers for horticultural traits of Aechmea bromeliads. Sci Hortic 147:29–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CC, Zhang F, Guan ZY, Chen SM, Jiang JF, Fang WM, Chen FD (2014) Inheritance and molecular markers for aphid (Macrosiphoniella sanbourni) resistance in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Sci Hortic 180:220–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang QB, Zhang L, Zheng PJ (2015) Genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship analyses within and among Raphanus species using EST-SSR markers. Mol Breed 35(62):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu WL, Wang SF, Mu JH, Wang CH, Liu XX (2007) Identification of AFLP and SCAR molecular markers linked to bolting trait in radish. Mol Plant Breed 9(7):743–749 in Chinese with English abstract

    Google Scholar 

  • Yi G, Park H, Kim JS, Chae WB, Park S, Huh JH (2014) Identification of three FLOWERING LOCUS C genes responsible for vernalization response in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Hort Environ Biotechnol 55:548–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan YX, Wu J, Sun RF, Zhang XW, Xu DH, Bonnema G, Wang XW (2009) A naturally occurring splicing site mutation in the Brassica rapa FLC1 gene is associated with variation in flowering time. J Exp Bot 60:1299–1308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuasa I (1988) Some problems on the breeding of late bolting, 3: breeding of the late bolting (2): radish. Jpn Soc Seed Prod Breed Eng:37–44

  • Zhang YM, Gai JY (2000) The IECM algorithm for estimation of component distribution parameters in segregating analysis of quantitative traits. Acta Agron Sin 26:699–706

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YM, Gai JY, Yang YH (2003) The EIM algorithm in the joint segregation analysis of quantitative traits. Genet Res 81:157–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao LP (2007) Genetic analysis of bolting and cultivar fingerprinting in radish (Rapanus sativus L.). Nanjing Agricul. Univ, Nanjing in Chinese with English abstract

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao JJ, Kulkarni V, Liu NN, Del Carpio DP, Bucher J, Bonnema G (2010) BrFLC2 (FLOWERING LOCUS C) as a candidate gene for a vernalization response QTL in Brassica rapa. J Exp Bot 61:4005–4016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuo ZC, Wang EM, Zhang LG, Zhang MK, Hui MX (2009) Major gene plus polygene inheritance analysis of bolting trait in heading Chinese cabbage. Acta Bot Boreali-Occiden Sin 29(5):0923–0928 in Chinese with English abstract

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was funded by grants from the National key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0101806), Foundation for Young Scientists of Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (QNJJ201503), the Innovative Team Construction Project of BAAFS (JNKYT201601), and the Technological Innovation Capacity Program of BAAFS (KJCX20170710 and KJCX20170102).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China

    Qingbiao Wang, Yanping Wang & Li Zhang

  2. Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing, 100097, China

    Qingbiao Wang, Yanping Wang & Li Zhang

  3. Ministry of Agriculture, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, 50 Zhuanghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100097, China

    Qingbiao Wang, Yanping Wang & Li Zhang

Authors
  1. Qingbiao Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yanping Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Li Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

ZL and WQ designed and managed the methods and experiments, performed data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. WY wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li Zhang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, Q., Wang, Y. & Zhang, L. Inheritance and Molecular Marker for Flowering Time in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Plant Mol Biol Rep 36, 878–887 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-018-1131-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-018-1131-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation