Abstract
Extractable and solvent insoluble, ester-bound lipids were analysed in an acid, sandy soil profile under Corsican pine. The n-alkanes and alkanoic acids from the soil profile showed rather poor correlations with those from the pine needles and roots, while the n-alkanol composition in the mineral horizons strongly indicated the presence of lipids derived from a previous grass vegetation. Although the ester-bound lipids (ω-hydroxyalkanoic acids and α,ω-alkanedioic acids (>C24)) suggested that plant sources other than pines were present in the mineral soil horizons their composition was less contaminated and a clear distinction between needle and root input could be discerned. The divergent clustering of soil horizons and plant materials by individual and combined compound classes emphasized the usefulness of both extractable lipids and cutin/suberin in unravelling (past) vegetation and tissue history and contributions to soil organic matter.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almendros G, Sanz J, Velasco F (1996) Signatures of lipid assemblages in soils under continental Mediterranean forests. Eur J Soil Sci 47:183–196
Amblès A, Jambu P, Parlanti E, Joffre J, Riffe C (1994) Incorporation of natural monoacids from plant residues into an hydromorphic forest podzol. Eur J Soil Sci 45:175–182.
Amblès A, Colina-Tejada A, Jambu P, Lemee L, Parlanti E (1998) Experimental leaching of podzol soil lipids. Nature and biological origin of water soluble components. Agrochim. 42:158–171
Asperger A, Engewald W, Fabian G (2001) Thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation – a simple and rapid online derivatization method for the gas chromatographic analysis of natural waxes. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 61: 91–109
Bernards MA, Razem FA (2001) The poly(phenolic) domain of potato suberin: a non-lignin cell wall bio-polymer. Phytochem 57:1115–1122
Bull ID, van Bergen PF, Nott CJ, Poulton PR, Evershed RP (2000) Organic geochemical studies of soils from the Rothamsted Classical Experiments - V. The fate of lipids in different long-term soil experiments. Org Geochem 31:389–408
Dembitsky VM, Rezanka T (1995) Distribution of diacylglycerylhomoserines, phospholipids and fatty acids in thirteen moss species from southwestern Siberia. Biochem Syst Ecol 23:71–78
Dinel H, Schnitzer M, Mehuys GR (1990) Soil lipids: origin, nature, content, decomposition, and effect on soil physical properties. In: Bollag JM, Stotzky G (eds), Soil Biochemistry, vol. 6, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 397–429.
FAO (2001) Lecture Notes on the Major Soils of the World. World Soil Resources Reports 94. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 334 pp.
Ficken KJ, Barber KE, Eglinton G (1998) Lipid biomarker, δ13C and plant macrofossil stratigraphy of a Scottish montane peat bog over the last two millenia. Org Geochem 28:217–237
Goñi MA, Hedges JI (1990) Potential applications of cutin-derived CuO reaction products for discriminating vascular plant sources in natural environments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:3073–3081
Green RN, Trowbridge RL, Klinka K (1993) Towards a taxonomic classification of humus forms. Forest Sci Monogr 29:49
Hedges JI, Prahl FG (1993) Early diagenesis: consequences for applications of molecular biomarkers. In: Engel MH, Macko SA (eds) Organic geochemistry, principles and applications. Plenum Press, New York and London, pp 237–253
Ishiwatari R, Yamamoto S, Uemura H (2005) Lipid and␣lignin/cutin compounds in lake Baikal sediments␣over␣the last 37 kyr: implications for glacial–interglacial␣palaeoenvironmental change. Org Geochem 36:327–347
Jambu P, Amblès A, Dinel H, Secouet B (1991) Incorporation of natural hydrocarbons from plant residues into an hydromorphic humic podzol following afforestation and fertilization. J Soil Sci 42:629–636
Jambu P, Amblès A, Jacquesy JC, Secouet B, Parlanti E (1993) Incorporation of natural alcohols from plant residues into a hydromorphic forest podzol. J Soil Sci 44: 135–146
Killops SD, Frewin NL (1994) Triterpenoid diagenesis and cuticular preservation. Org Geochem 21:1193–1209
Kolattukudy PE (2001) Polyesters in higher plants. In: Scheper T (ed) Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology, vol. 71, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 1–49
Kuiters AT (1990) Role of phenolic substances from decomposing forest litter in plant-soil interactions. Acta Bot Neerland 39:329–348
Matlab, Version 7.1 (release 14), copyright 1984–2004 The Mathworks Inc
Meyers PA (2003) Applications of organic geochemistry to paleolimnological reconstructions: a summary of examples from the Laurentian Great Lakes.Org Geochem 34:261–289
Naafs DFW, van Bergen PF (2002) Effects of pH adjustments after base hydrolysis: implications for understanding organic matter in soils. Geoderma 106:191–217
Naafs DFW, van Bergen PF, Boogert SJ, de Leeuw JW (2004a) Solvent extractable lipids in an acid andic forest soil – variations with depth and season. Soil Biol Biochem 36:297–308
Naafs DFW, van Bergen PF, de Jong MA, Oonincx A, de Leeuw JW (2004b) Total lipid extracts from characteristic soil horizons in a podzol profile. Eur J Soil Sci 55:657–669
Naafs DFW, Nierop KGJ, van Bergen PF, de Leeuw JW (2005) Changes in the molecular composition of ester-bound aliphatics with depth in an acid andic forest soil. Geoderma 127:130–136
Nierop KGJ (1998) Origin of aliphatic compounds in a forest soil. Org Geochem 29:1009–1016
Nierop KGJ (2001) Temporal and vertical organic matter differentiation along a vegetation succession as revealed by pyrolysis and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 61:111–132
Nierop KGJ, Verstraten JM (2004) Rapid molecular assessment of the bioturbation extent in sandy soil horizons under pine using ester-bound lipids by on-line thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18:1081–1088
Nierop KGJ, Naafs DFW, Verstraten JM (2003) Occurrence and distribution of ester-bound lipids in Dutch coastal dune soils along a pH gradient. Org Geochem 34:719–729
Nierop KGJ, Naafs DFW, van Bergen PF (2005) Origin, occurrence and fate of extractable lipids in Dutch coastal dune soils along a pH gradient. Org Geochem 36:555–566
Pancost RD, Baas M, van Geel B, Sinninghe Damsté JS (2002) Biomarkers as proxies for plant inputs to peats: an example from a sub-boreal embrotrophic bog. Org Geochem 33:675–690
Quénéa K, Derenne S, Largeau C, Rumpel C, Mariotti A (2004) Variation in lipid relative abundance and composition among different particle size fractions of a forest soil. Org Geochem 35:1355–1370
Rasse DP, Rumpel C, Dignac MF (2005) Is soil carbon mostly root carbon? Mechanisms for a specific stabilisation. Plant Soil 269:341–356
Riederer M, Matzke K, Ziegler F, Kögel-Knabner I (1993) Occurrence, distribution and fate of the lipid plant biopolymers cutin and suberin in temperate forest soils. Org Geochem 20:1063–1076
Rieley G, Collier RJ, Jones DM, Eglinton G (1991) The biogeochemistry of Ellesmere Lake, U.K. – I: source correlation of leaf wax inputs to the sedimentary record. Org Geochem 17:901–912
Stevenson FJ (1994) Humus chemistry. Genesis, composition, reactions 2nd edn. John Wiley, New York. 496 pp
van Bergen PF, Bull ID, Poulton PR, Evershed RP (1997) Organic geochemical studies of soils from the Rothamsted Classical Experiments – I. Total lipid extracts, solvent insoluble residues and humic acids from Broadbalk Wilderness. Org Geochem 26:117–135
van Bergen PF, Nott CJ, Bull ID, Poulton PR, Evershed RP (1998) Organic geochemical studies of soils from the Rothamsted Classical Experiments – IV. Preliminary results from a study of the effect of soil pH on organic matter decay. Org Geochem 29:1779–1795
Vandeginste BGM, Massart DL, Buydens LMC, de Jong S, Lewi PJ, Smeyers-Verbeke J (1998) Handbook of chemometrics, vol. 20B, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 713 pp
Walton TJ (1990) Waxes, cutin, suberin. In: Harwood JL, Bowyer JR (eds) Methods in plant biochemistry, vol. 4, Academic Press, London, pp 105–158
Ward JH (1963) Hierarchical groupings to optimize an objective function. J Am Statistical Association 58:234–244
Wiesenberg GLB, Schwarzbauer J, Schmidt MWI, Schwark L (2004) Source and turnover of organic matter in agricultural soils derived from n-alkane/n-carboxylic acid compositions and C-isotope signatures. Org Geochem 35:1371–1393
Winkler A, Haumaier L, Zech W (2005) Insoluble alkyl carbon components in soils derive mainly from cutin and suberin. Org Geochem 36:519–529
Acknowledgements
We thank Frans van der Wielen for his assistance with the GC/MS analyses and Leo Hoitinga for his support in the lab. This study was (in part) supported by the Earth and Life Science and Research Council (ALW) (KGJN) and the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO) (BJ) with financial aid from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nierop, K.G.J., Jansen, B., Hageman, J.A. et al. The Complementarity of Extractable and Ester-Bound Lipids in a Soil Profile Under Pine. Plant Soil 286, 269–285 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9043-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9043-1