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Stress alleviating plant-derived ‘green odors’: behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine perspectives in laboratory animals

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Abstract

Exposure to physical or psychological stimuli perceived to be threatening activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) resulting in a classical stress response. Prolonged activation of the HPA and SNS is associated with many adverse physiological changes, most notable the development of anxiety and depression. Recently, a number of plant-derived aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, termed ‘green odors,’ have demonstrated stress-alleviating properties. This novel method of stress-alleviation has been shown using a number of different animal and stress models utilizing numerous experimental techniques. The object of this review is to present a balanced and critical overview of the present literature on the mammalian effects of exposure to these odors. These findings will be discussed in terms of ongoing trends in the field and possible experimental outcomes will be suggested.

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Abbreviations

MRR:

Molecular receptive range

OB:

Olfactory bulb

OR:

Olfactory receptors

ORN:

Olfactory receptor neurons

PC12:

Pheochromocytoma

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Australia

    Jereme G. Spiers, Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen & Nickolas A. Lavidis

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  2. Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
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  3. Nickolas A. Lavidis
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Correspondence to Nickolas A. Lavidis.

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Spiers, J.G., Chen, HJ.C. & Lavidis, N.A. Stress alleviating plant-derived ‘green odors’: behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine perspectives in laboratory animals. Phytochem Rev 14, 713–725 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9371-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9371-3

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