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CO2 sequestration in plants: lesson from divergent strategies

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  • Published:
Photosynthetica

Abstract

Most organisms inhabiting earth feed directly or indirectly on the products synthesized by the reaction of photosynthesis, which at the current atmospheric CO2 levels operates only at two thirds of its peak efficiency. Restricting the photorespiratory loss of carbon and thereby improving the efficiency of photosynthesis is seen by many as a good option to enhance productivity of food crops. Research during last half a century has shown that several plant species developed CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) to restrict photorespiration under lower concentration of available CO2. CCMs are now known to be operative in several terrestrial and aquatic plants, ranging from most advanced higher plants to algae, cyanobacteria and diatoms. Plants with C4 pathway of photosynthesis (where four-carbon compound is the first product of photosynthesis) or crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) may consistently operate CCM. Some plants however can undergo a shift in photosynthetic metabolism only with change in environmental variables. More recently, a shift in plant photosynthetic metabolism is reported at high altitude where improved efficiency of CO2 uptake is related to the recapture of photorespiratory loss of carbon. Of the divergent CO2 assimilation strategies operative in different oraganisms, the capacity to recapture photorespiratory CO2 could be an important approach to develop plants with efficient photosynthetic capacity.

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Abbreviations

CA:

carbonic anhydrase

CAM:

crassulacean acid metabolism

CCM:

CO2-concentrating mechanism

HCO3 − :

bicarbonate

PEPCase:

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

PEPCK:

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PPDK:

pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase

RA:

Rubisco activase

Rubisco:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi for support under the network project entitled “Exploratory studies on climate change and adaptation of species complexes (NWP-020). The manuscript bears IHBT publication number 1035.

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  1. Biodiversity Divisions, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India

    S. K. Vats & P. S. Ahuja

  2. Biotechnology Divisions, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India

    S. Kumar

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Vats, S.K., Kumar, S. & Ahuja, P.S. CO2 sequestration in plants: lesson from divergent strategies. Photosynthetica 49, 481–496 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-011-0078-z

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