Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Minimization of CYP2D6 Polymorphic Differences and Improved Bioavailability via Transdermal Administration: Latrepirdine Example

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Pharmaceutical Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Transdermal delivery has the potential to offer improved bioavailability by circumventing first-pass gut and hepatic metabolism. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of oral immediate release and transdermal latrepirdine in extensive and poor CYP2D6 metabolizers (EM/PM).

Methods

Latrepirdine transdermal solution was prepared extemporaneously. The solution was applied with occlusive dressing to upper or middle back for 24 h. Each subject received a single dose of 8.14 mg oral, 5 mg transdermal, and 10 mg transdermal (EMs only) latrepirdine free base in a fixed sequence.

Results

Twelve EMs and 7 PMs (50–79 years) enrolled and completed the study. Latrepirdine was well tolerated following both routes of administration. Dose-normalized latrepirdine total exposures were approximately 11-fold and 1.5-fold higher in EMs and PMs, respectively following administration of transdermal relative to oral. Differences between EM and PM latrepirdine exposures were decreased, with PMs having 1.9- and 2.7-fold higher peak and total exposures, respectively, following transdermal administration compared to 11- and 20-fold higher exposures, respectively, following oral administration.

Conclusion

Transdermal delivery can potentially mitigate the large intersubject differences observed with compounds metabolized primarily by CYP2D6. Transdermal delivery was readily accomplished in the clinic using an extemporaneously prepared solution [NCT00990613].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AE:

Adverse event

AUC:

Area under the curve

Cmax :

Peak concentration

CYP:

Cytochrome P450

EM:

Extensive metabolizer

HPLC MS/MS:

High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

IR:

Immediate release

MR:

Metabolite-to-parent ratio

PK:

Pharmacokinetics

PM:

Poor metabolizers

References

  1. Doody RS, Gavrilova SI, Sano M, Thomas RG, Aisen PS, Bachurin SO, et al. Effect of dimebon on cognition, activities of daily living, behaviour, and global function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2008;372(9634):207–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kieburtz K, McDermott MP, Voss TS, Corey-Bloom J, Deuel LM, Dorsey ER, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of latrepirdine in Huntington disease. Arch Neurol. 2010;67(2):154–60.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Dimebon: Compound Summary for CID 23729232 [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2015-10-13]. Available from: http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23729232#section=Top.

  4. Tishchenkova IFAI, Dorokhov VV, Bobrov VI, Dubrovina LY. Experimental-study of Dimebon kinetics. Khim Farm Zh. 1991;25(12):13–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Svensson CK. Biotransformation of drugs in human skin. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals. 2009;37(2):247–53.

  6. Tanner T, Marks R. Delivering drugs by the Transdermal route: review and comment. Skin Res Technol: Off J Int Soc Bioeng Skin. 2008;14(3):249–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ball AM, Smith KM. Optimizing Transdermal drug therapy. Am J Health Syst Pharm: AJHP: Off J Am Soc Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(14):1337–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Subedi RK, Oh SY, Chun MK, Choi HK. Recent advances in Transdermal drug delivery. Arch Pharm Res. 2010;33(3):339–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Benedetti MS, Whomsley R, Poggesi I, Cawello W, Mathy FX, Delporte ML, et al. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Rev. 2009;41(3):344–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Inactive Ingredients Database for Approved Drug Products. Inactive Ingredients Database for Approved Drug Products. Available from: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/iig/index.Cfm.

  11. Benson HAE, Watkinson AC. Transdermal and topical drug delivery: principles and practice. Hoboken: Wiley; 2012. xv: 33.

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURES

This study was sponsored and funded by Medivation and Pfizer Inc, both of whom were involved in the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, the writing of the report, and the decision to submit the paper for publication. Marci L. Chew, Thean Yeoh, Gautam Ranade, Ruolun Qiu, Yali Liang, and Brian Corrigan are all full-time employees of Pfizer Inc. and hold stock in Pfizer Inc. Pfizer has not maintained any patents or applications covering latrepirdine. Juanzhi Fang was an employee of Pfizer Inc at the time this study was conducted and holds stock in Pfizer Inc. Joyce Mordenti was an employee of Medivation at the time this study was conducted and holds stock in Medivation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pfizer Global Innovative Pharma, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA

    Marci L. Chew, Yali Liang & Brian Corrigan

  2. Formerly Medivation, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA

    Joyce Mordenti

  3. Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA

    Thean Yeoh, Gautam Ranade & Ruolun Qiu

  4. Formerly Pfizer, Chatham, New Jersey, 07928, USA

    Juanzhi Fang

Authors
  1. Marci L. Chew
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joyce Mordenti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Thean Yeoh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gautam Ranade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ruolun Qiu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Juanzhi Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yali Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Brian Corrigan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marci L. Chew.

Ethics declarations

All procedures in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants in the study. The final protocol and informed consent documentation were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board IntegReview, Austin, TX. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chew, M.L., Mordenti, J., Yeoh, T. et al. Minimization of CYP2D6 Polymorphic Differences and Improved Bioavailability via Transdermal Administration: Latrepirdine Example. Pharm Res 33, 1873–1880 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-1922-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-1922-4

KEY WORDS

Search

Navigation