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Kinetics of Internal Oxidation of Mn-Steel Alloys

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Abstract

Internal oxidation of three Mn-steel alloys with 1.7, 3.5 and 7.0 wt% Mn concentration at 950 °C in a gas mixture composed of nitrogen, hydrogen and water vapor with a dew point of +10°C was evaluated. For these alloys, the kinetics of internal oxidation are diffusion-controlled and obey parabolic growth rate law. The diffusion coefficient of oxygen and manganese determined from the observed internal oxidation kinetics are 3.35 × 10−7 and 4.14 × 10−12 cm2/s at 950 °C, respectively. The formed internal oxide precipitates are mainly composed of MnO. The solubility product of MnO in an austenitic iron matrix is estimated to be (7.66 ± 0.18) × 10−9 mol fraction2 at 950 °C. The numerical simulation of concentration depth profiles of precipitated oxygen is in agreement with depth profiles determined with image analysis and X-ray microanalysis. Validity of the numerical simulation in case of the phase transformation was also tested. When a 1.7 wt% Mn-steel alloy is oxidized at 850 °C (instead of 950 °C) with a dew point of +12 °C partial phase transformation from austenite to ferrite takes place due to the Mn depletion. The associated precipitated oxygen concentration depth profile can be predicted accurately with numerical simulation.

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  1. The grading system for abrasives is FEPA standard, Federation of European Products of Abrasives.

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Acknowledgments

This research was carried out under project number M22.7.11439 in the framework of the Research Program of the Materials innovation institute (M2i, www.m2i.nl). Financial support from International Zinc Association (IZA, www.zinc.org) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors are indebted to Dr. W. Melfo, Dr. H. Bolt and Dr. M. Zuiderwijk of Tata Steel (IJmuiden, The Netherlands) for valuable discussions and providing the Mn steel alloys. The authors are also indebted to Ing. J. C. Brouwer for technical support and assistance with experiments.

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  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Innovation Institute (M2i) and Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands

    V. A. Lashgari, G. Zimbitas, C. Kwakernaak & W. G. Sloof

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  1. V. A. Lashgari
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  2. G. Zimbitas
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  3. C. Kwakernaak
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  4. W. G. Sloof
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Correspondence to W. G. Sloof.

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Lashgari, V.A., Zimbitas, G., Kwakernaak, C. et al. Kinetics of Internal Oxidation of Mn-Steel Alloys. Oxid Met 82, 249–269 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-014-9490-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-014-9490-7

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