Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Optimization of four-wave mixing wavelength conversion in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier based on the genetic algorithm

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel approach based on the artificial neural network (ANN) and the genetic algorithm (GA) is presented for optimization of four-wave mixing (FWM) wavelength conversion in a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA). First of all, we propose a simple, accurate, and fast model based on the feedforward ANN for the characteristics of FWM in a QD-SOA. To train the ANN, we collect the required data from a numerical model. In this model, the efficiency of FWM is obtained numerically taken into account the effect of pump/probe and the occupation probability of energy levels by using the slice technique. Then, the optimal design of QD-SOA as the FWM wavelength converter is performed using the GA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ababneh, J.I., et al.: Simple model for quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers using artificial neural networks. IEEE J. Trans. Electron Devices 53(7), 1543–1550 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Abid, S., et al.: "A fast feedforward training algorithm using a modified form of the standard backpropagation algorithm. IEEE J. Trans. Neural Netw. 12(2), 424–430 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akiyama, T., et al.: Symmetric highly efficient 0 dB wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in quantum dot optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Photon. Technol. Lett. 14(8), 1139–1141 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Flayyih, A.H., et al.: Four-Wave Mixing in Quantum Dot SOAs: Theory of Carrier Heating. ELSEVIER J. Phys. 7, 1339–1345 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakimian, F., et al.: A proposal for a new method of modeling of the quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. J. Optoelectr. Nanostructu. 4(3), 1–16 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakimian, F., et al.: Optimization of a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) design using the genetic algorithm. Springer J. Opt. Quantum Electr. 52(48), 1–19 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakimiyan, F., et al.: Design of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier by intelligence methods. Proc. Comput. Sci. 3, 449–452 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izadyar, S. M. et al.: Quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier: investigation of amplified spontaneous emission and noise figure in the presence of second excited state. J. Opt. Quantum Electr. 50(1), 5 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1265-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingnau, B., Zajnulinam, M., Lüdge, K.: Four-Wave Mixing and Rabi Oscillations in Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers. In: 2017 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD), Copenhagen, pp. 31–32, (2017)

  • Lv, C., et al.: Levenberg–marquardt backpropagation training of multilayer neural networks for state estimation of a safety-critical cyber-physical system. IEEE Trans. Industr. Inf. 14(8), 3436–3446 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, J.C., et al.: A review of high-performance quantum dot lasers on silicon. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 55(2), 1–11 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nosratpour, A., et al.: Numerical analysis of four wave mixing in photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier. ELSEVIER J. Opt. Commun. 433, 104–110 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qasaimeh, O.: Theory of four-wave mixing wavelength conversion in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE J. Photon. Technol. Lett. 16(4), 993–995 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qasaimeh, O.: Linewidth enhancement factor of quantum dot lasers. SPRINGER J. Opt. Quantum Electr. 37(5), 495–507 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qasaimeh, O.: Wide wavelength conversion in P-type doped quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. ELSEVIER J. Opt. Commun. 305, 1–7 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Svozil, D., et al.: Introduction to multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. 39(1), 43–62 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zajnulina, M., et al.: Four-wave mixing in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers: a detailed analysis of the nonlinear effects. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23(6), 1–12 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Reza Shayesteh.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declares that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hakimian, F., Shayesteh, M.R. & Moslemi, M.R. Optimization of four-wave mixing wavelength conversion in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier based on the genetic algorithm. Opt Quant Electron 53, 140 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02763-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02763-9

Keywords

Navigation