Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nonlinear manipulation of surface plasmons on graphene-TMDC Bragg reflectors

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, we benefit from the nonlinear optical tunability of the graphene-transition metal dichalcogenide (G-TMDC) heterostructure and the strong confinement of the electromagnetic fields of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on graphene in order to propose a highly tunable nonlinear optical Bragg reflector. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) TMDCs are the subject of intense researches because of their nonlinear optical properties at near infrared wavelengths which are very intriguing for various optical applications. We choose two kinds of 2D-TMDCs, MoSe2 and WSe2, with the strongest second order optical nonlinearity at near infrared range to properly design the periodic variation of the propagating SPP waves on the graphene layer. We utilize theoretical method of quantum electrostatic heterostructure to compute the dielectric function of graphene-TMDCs. Different nonlinearities of two TMDCs lead to noticeable tuning of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the central Bragg wavelength of the reflector which let design various optical devices. We design an add/drop filter, a nonlinear switch, and an AND/OR optical logic gate based on our proposed Bragg reflector. Our finite difference time domain numerical and transfer matrix analytical results reveal that by increment of the optical intensity up to 6 MW/cm2 which is below the pulse damage threshold of graphene, due to the second order nonlinearity, a 10-nm red-shift in central Bragg wavelength is observed and the 20-nm FWHM at linear regime decreases to 1.5 nm. The SPP intensities of 0.8 MW/cm2 and 1.53 MW/cm2 fulfill the requirements for AND and OR logical operations with 57 and 66.51 dB extinction ratios, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al Sayem, A., Rahman, M., Mahdy, M.R.C., Jahangir, I., Rahman, M.S.: Negative refraction with superior transmission in graphene hexagonal boron nitride multilayer hyper crystal. Sci. Rep. 6, 25442(1–11) (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, K., Latini, S., Thygesen, K.S.: Dielectric genome of van der Waals heterostructures. Nano Lett. 15, 4616–4621 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Asgari, S., Granpayeh, N.: Applications of tunable nano-scale mid-infrared graphene-based slot cavity in nano photonic integrated circuits. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 17, 533–542 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Autere, A., Jussila, H., Dai, Y., Wang, Y., Lipsanen, H., Sun, Z.: Nonlinear optics with 2D layered materials. Adv. Mater. 15, 1705963 (1–24) (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai, T., Tu, M.W., Zhang, X., Huang, B., Wilson, N., Seyler, K., Zhu, L., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., McGuire, M., Cobden, D., Xiao, D., Yao, W., Xu, X.: Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filter van der Waals heterostructures. Science 4851, 1–10 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Capmany, J., Domenech, D., Muñoz, P.: Silicon graphene Bragg gratings. Opt. Express 22, 5283–5290 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, R., Li, D., Zhou, H., Wang, Ch., Yin, A., Jiang, S., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Huang, Y., Duan, X.: Electroluminescence and photocurrent generation from atomically sharp WSe2/MoS2 heterojunction p–n diodes. Nano Lett. 14, 5590–5597 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cong, C., Shang, J., Niu, L., Wu, L., Chen, Y., Zou, C., Feng, S., Jun Qiu, Z., Hu, L., Tian, P., Liu, Z., Yu, T., Liu, R.: Anti‐stokes photoluminescence of van der Waals layered semiconductor PbI2. Adv. Opt. Mater. 5, 1700609(1–5) (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Currie, M., Caldwell, J.D., Bezares, F.J., Robinson, J.: Quantifying pulsed laser induced damage to graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 211909 (1–4) (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Davoodi, F., Granpayeh, N.: All optical logic gates: a tutorial. Inform. Technol. Res. 4, 65–98 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoodi, F., Granpayeh, N.: High performance ultra-compact three channel demultiplexer. Opt. Photon. (IJOP) 8, 57–68 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoodi, F., Granpayeh, N.: Finite-difference time-domain modeling of monolayer graphene devices at near-infrared wavelengths. J. Nanophoton. 11, 046008(1–14) (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Davoodi, F., Granpayeh, N.: Near-infrared absorbers based on the heterostructures of two-dimensional materials. Appl. Opt. 57, 1358–1366 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, G., Yang, J., Yin, Z.: Broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber based on tantalum nitride. Appl. Opt. 56, 2449–2454 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Farmani, A., Miri, M., Sheikhi, M.H.: Analytical modeling of highly tunable giant lateral shift in total reflection of light beams from a graphene containing structure. Opt. Commun. 391, 68–76 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Farmani, A., Miri, M., Sheikhi, M.H.: Design of high extinction ratio tunable graphene on white graphene polarizer. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30, 153–156 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Foroughi, N.V., Haddadpour, A., Veronis, G.: Tunable spatial mode converters and optical diodes for graphene parallel plate waveguides. Opt. Express 24, 23883–23897 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fryett, T., Zhan, A., Majumdar, A.: Cavity nonlinear optics with layered materials. Nanophotonics 7, 355–370 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geim, A.K., Grigorieva, I.V.: Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499, 419–425 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gric, T., Hess, O.: Tunable surface waves at the interface separating different graphene-dielectric composite hyperbolic metamaterials. Opt. Express 25, 11466–11476 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hak, K.D., Lim, D.: Optical second-harmonic generation in few-layer MoSe2. Korean Phys. Soc. 66, 816–820 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, L., Wei, D., Huang, X.: Second harmonic generation property of monolayer TMDCCs and its potential application in producing terahertz radiation. Chem. Phys. 147, 244701(1–7) (2017)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jablan, M., Buljan, H., Soljacic, M.: Plasmonics in graphene at infrared frequencies. Phys. Rev. B 80, 245435 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, Y., Miao, L., Jiang, G., Chen, Y., Qi, X., FangJiang, X., Zhang, H., Wen, S.: Broadband and enhanced nonlinear optical response of MoS2/graphene nanocomposites for ultrafast photonics applications. Sci. Rep. 5, 16372 (1–12) (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, M.Y., Shi, Y., Cheng, C., Lu, L.S., Lin, Y.C., Tang, H.L., Tsai, M.L., Chu, C., Wei, K.H., He, J.H., Chang, W.H., Suenaga, K., Li, L.J.: Epitaxial growth of a monolayerWSe2-MoS2 lateral p-n junction. Science 349, 524–528 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Tao, J., Hui, C.Z., Huang, X.G.: All-optical controlling based on nonlinear graphene plasmonic waveguides. Opt. Express 24, 22169–22176 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishchenko, A., Tu, J.-S., Cao, Y., Gorbachev, R., Wallbank, J., Greenaway, M., Morozov, V., Morozov, S., Zhu, M., Wong, S.L., Withers, F., Woods, C., Kim, Y.-J., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Vdovin, E., Makarovsky, O., Fromhold, T., Falko, V., Geim, A., Eaves, L., Novoselov, K.: Twist-controlled resonant tunneling in graphene-boron nitride-graphene heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 808–908 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra, A.K., Mishra, S.K.: Infrared SPR sensitivity enhancement using ITO/Ti O2/silicon over lays Infrared SPR sensitivity enhancement using ITO/TiO2/silicon overlays. Eur. Phys. Lett. 112, 1–5 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novoselov, K.S., Jiang, D., Schedin, F., Booth, T.J., Khotkevich, V.V., Morozov, S.V., Geim, A.K.: Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 10451–10453 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, S.Y., Kim, Y.H., Lee, S.Y., Sohn, W., Lee, J.E., Kim, D.H., Shim, Y.S., Kwon, K.C., Choi, K.S., Yoo, H.J., Suh, J.M., Ko, M., Lee, J.H., Lee, M.J., Kim, S.Y., Lee, M.H., Jang, H.W.: Highly selective and sensitive chemoresistive humidity sensors based on rGO/MoS2 van der Waals composites. Mater. Chem. A6, 5016–5024 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ponraj, J.S., Xu, Z., Dhanabalan, S.C., Mu, H., Wang, Y., Yuan, J., Li, P., Thakur, S., Ashrafi, M., Mccoubrey, K., Zhang, Y., Li, S., Zhang, H., Bao, Q.: Photonics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. Nanotechnol 27, 462001 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, Ch., Wang, B., Long, H., Wang, K., Lu, P.: Bloch mode engineering in graphene modulated periodic waveguides and cavities. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 32, 1748–1753 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Seyler, K.L., Schaibley, J.R., Gong, P., Rivera, P., Jones, A.M., Wu, S., Yan, J., Mandrus, D.G., Yao, W., Xu, X.: Electrical control of second-harmonic generation in a WSe2 monolayer transistor. Nat. Nano 10, 407–411 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shanmugam, M., Gedrim, R.J., Songa, E.S., Yu, B.: Two dimensional layered semiconductor/graphene heterostructures for solar photovoltaic applications. Nanoscale 6, 12682–12689 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, Y., Zhou, W., Lu, A.Y., Fang, W., Lee, Y.H., Hsu, A.L., Kim, S.M., Kim, K.K., Yang, H.Y., Li, L.J., Idrobo, J.C., Kong, J.: van der Waals epitaxy of MoS2 layers using graphene as growth templates. Nano Lett. 12, 2784–2791 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, Z., Martinez, A., Wang, F.: Optical modulators with 2D layered materials. Nat. Photon. 10, 227–238 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Susner, M.A., Chyasnavichyus, M., McGuire, M., Ganesh, P., Maksymovych, P.: Metal thio- and selenophosphates as multifunctional van der waals layered materials. Adv. Mater. 29, 1602852(1-29) (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toflove, A., Hagness, S.C.: Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. Artech House, Boston (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsipas, P., Tsoutsou, D., Fragkos, S., Sant, R., Alvarez, C., Okuno, H., Renaud, G., Alcotte, R., Baron, T., Dimoulas, A.: Massless dirac fermions in ZrTe2 semimetal grown on InAs(111) by van der Waals epitaxy. ACS Nano 12, 1696–1703 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakatsuki, R., Saito, Y., Hoshino, S., Itahashi, Y.M., Ideue, T., Ezawa, M., Iwasa, Y., Nagaosa, N.: Nonreciprocal charge transport in noncentrosymmetric superconductors. Sci. Adv. 3, e160239 (1–8) (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q.H., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Kis, A., Coleman, J.N., Strano, M.S.: Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 699–712 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, J., Jiang, L., Guo, J., Dai, X., Xiang, Y., Wen, S.: Tunable perfect absorption at infrared frequencies by a graphene-hBN hyper crystal. Opt. Express 24, 17103–17114 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia, F., Wang, H., Xiao, D., Dubey, M., Ramasubramaniam, A.: Two-dimensional material nanophotonics. Nat. Photon. 8, 899–907 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao, B., Gu, M., Xiao, S.: Broadband, wide-angle and tunable terahertz absorber based on cross-shaped graphene arrays. Appl. Opt. 56, 5458–5462 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, W., Chen, G., Shi, Z., Liu, ChCh., Zhang, L., Xie, G., Cheng, M., Wang, D., Yang, R., Shi, D., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Yao, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G.: Epitaxial growth of single-domain graphene on hexagonal boron nitride. Nat. Mater. 12, 792–797 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ye, L., Chen, Y., Cai, G., Liu, N., Zhu, J., Song, Z., HuoLiu, Q.: Broadband absorber with periodically sinusoidally-patterned graphene layer in terahertz range. Opt. Express 25, 11223–11232 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, W.J., Liu, Y., Zhou, H., Yin, A., Li, Z., Huang, Y., Duan, X.F.: Highly efficient gate tunable photocurrent generation in vertical heterostructures of layered materials. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 952–958 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan, T., Shi, X., Dai, Y., Liu, X., Zi, J.: Transfer matrix method for optics in graphene layers. Condens. Matter. 25, 215301 (1–10) (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, R., Zhao, G., Zhang, H., Chen, Y., Mei, L., Tonelli, M., Wang, J.: Broadband atomic-layer MoS2 optical modulators for ultrafast pulse generations in the visible range. Opt. Lett. 42, 547–550 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, D., Seyler, K.L., Linpeng, X., Cheng, R., Sivadas, N., Huang, B., Schmidgall, E., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., McGuire, M.A., Yao, W., Xiao, D., Fu, K.-M.C., Xu, X.: Van der Waals engineering of ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructures for spin and valleytronics. Sci. Adv. 3, 1–6 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence in Electromagnetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Davoodi & Nosrat Granpayeh

Authors
  1. Fatemeh Davoodi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nosrat Granpayeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nosrat Granpayeh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Davoodi, F., Granpayeh, N. Nonlinear manipulation of surface plasmons on graphene-TMDC Bragg reflectors. Opt Quant Electron 51, 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1716-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1716-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation