Abstract
We report a SPR based gas sensor using doped graphene monolayer employing the ATR technique via modified Otto coupling configuration. The proposed gas sensor is an approach different from the already reported Otto geometry for SP excitation in terahertz frequencies where the air gap has been replaced by a dielectric spacer layer (organic material) of refractive index (n d ) 1.44, 1.50 and 1.54 at operating terahertz frequency of 5 THz. The performance of the sensor with respect to key system parameters such as the thickness of the dielectric layer, sensitivity, detection accuracy and FOM are investigated in the paper using angular interrogation via Transfer matrix method. It is observed that with increasing refractive index of spacer dielectric, the proposed gaseous sensor exhibits trade off between sensitivity and detection accuracy. However, the FOM is approximately equal for refractive indices 1.44 and 1.50 of spacer material, which is ~20 % higher than that at n d = 1.54. The FOM for n d = 1.44, increases from 527 (analyte refractive index = 1.00) to 741 RIU−1 (analyte refractive index = 1.10).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barlow, H., Cullen, A.: Surface waves. Proc. IEE Part III: Radio Commun. Eng. 100(68), 329 (1953)
Barnes, W.L., Dereux, A., Ebbesen, T.W.: Surface plasmon subwavelength optics. Nature 424, 824 (2003)
Gan, C.H.: Analysis of surface plasmon excitation at terahertz frequencies with highly doped graphene sheets via attenuated total reflection. Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 1116091 (2012)
Gan, C.H., Chu, H.S., Li, E.P.: Synthesis of highly confined surface plasmon modes with doped graphene sheets in the midinfrared and terahertz frequencies. Phys. Rev. B 85, 125431 (2012)
Gauglitz, G., Proll, G.: Strategies for label-free optical detection. In: Renneberg, R., Lisdat, F. (eds.) Biosensing for the 21st Century. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008)
Georgiadis, R., Peterlinz, K., Peterson, A.: Quantitative measurements and modeling of kinetics in nucleic acid monolayer films using SPR spectroscopy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122(13), 3166–3173 (2000)
Globus, T.R., Woolard, D.L., Khromova, T., Crowe, T.W., Bykhovskaia, M., Gelmont, B.L., Hesler, J., Samuels, A.C.: THz-spectroscopy of biological molecules. J. Biol. Phys. 29(2–3), 89–100 (2003)
Grigorenko, A.N., Polini, M., Novoselov, K.S.: Graphene plasmonics. Nat. Photon. 6, 749–758 (2012)
Hibbins, A.P., Evans, B.R., Sambles, J.R.: Experimental verification of designer surface plasmons. Science 308, 670–672 (2005)
Homola, J., Yee, S.S., Gauglitz, G.: Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review. Sens. Actuators B 54, 3–15 (1999)
Koppens, F.H.L., Chang, D.E., Garca de Abajo, F.J.: Graphene plasmonics: a platform for strong light-matter interaction. Nano Lett. 11(8), 3370–3377 (2011)
Lockyear, M.J., Hibbins, A.P., Sambles, J.R.: Microwave surface-plasmon-like modes on thin metamaterials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(7), 073901 (2009)
Low, T., Avouris, P.: Graphene plasmonics for terahertz to mid-infrared applications. ACS Nano 8(2), 1086–1101 (2014)
Maharana, P.K., Bharadwaj, S., Jha, R.: Electric field enhancement in surface plasmon resonance bimetallic configuration based on chalcogenide prism. J. Appl. Phys. 114, 014304 (2013)
Maier, S.A.: Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, New York (2007)
Novoselov, K.S., et al.: Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306(5696), 666–669 (2004)
Pendry, J.B., Martin-Moreno, L., Garcia-Vidal, F.J.: Mimicking surface plasmons with structured surfaces. Science 305, 847–848 (2004)
Phillips, K.S., Cheng, Q.J.: Surface plasmon resonance. In: Walker, J.M., Rapley, R. (eds.) Molecular Biomethods Handbook. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2008)
Purkayastha, A., Srivastava, T., Jha, R.: Ultrasensitive THz-plasmonics gaseous sensor using doped graphene. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 227, 291–295 (2016)
Sharma, A.K., Jha, R., Gupta, B.D.: Fiber-optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance: a comprehensive review. IEEE Sens. J. 7(8), 1118–1129 (2007)
Smith, D.R., Loewenstein, E.V.: Optical constants of metal oxides in the far infrared region. Appl. Opt. 15(4), 859–861 (1976)
Ulrich, R., Tacke, M.: Submillimeterwaveguiding on periodic metal structure. Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 251–253 (1973)
Wunsch, B., Tauber, T., Sols, F., Guinea, F.: Dynamical polarization of graphene at finite doping. New J. Phys. 8, 1–15 (2006)
Yao, H., Zhong, S.: High-mode spoof SPP of periodic metal grooves for ultrasensitive terahertz sensing. Opt Express 22(21), 25150–25160 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Optical Wave and Waveguide Theory and Numerical Modelling, OWTNM’ 15.
Guest Edited by Arti Agrawal, B.M.A. Rahman, Tong Sun, Gregory Wurtz, Anibal Fernandez and James R. Taylor.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Srivastava, T., Purkayastha, A. & Jha, R. Graphene based surface plasmon resonance gas sensor for terahertz. Opt Quant Electron 48, 334 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0462-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0462-9