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An integrated flood inundation model for coastal urban watershed of Navi Mumbai, India

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Abstract

Most urban agglomerations located in the Mumbai coastal region in India are vulnerable to flooding due to increasing frequency of the short-duration heavy rainfall, by virtue of their location at foothills on one side and tidal variations on the other side. Steep slopes in the catchment ensure fast runoff and tidal variation adds to backwater effect in the drainage system, which together are favorable for flooding. The present study simulates the flood inundation due to heavy rainfall and high-tide conditions in a coastal urban catchment within Mumbai region with detention pond. Overland flow is modeled using a mass balance approach, which can adapt to hilly slopes and smoothly accommodate detention pond hydraulics. Dynamic wave channel routing based on finite element method captures the backwater effects due to tidal variation, and raster-based flood inundation model enables direct use of digital elevation model. The integrated model is capable of simulating detention pond hydraulics within the raster flood model for heavy rainfall events. The database required for the model is obtained from the geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Application of the integrated model to literature problems and the catchment of the study area for two non-flooding events gave satisfactory results. Further, the model is applied to an extreme rainfall event of July 26, 2005, coinciding with high-tide conditions, which revealed vulnerability of the area to flooding despite of an existing detention pond. A sensitivity analysis on the location of detention pond indicated that catchment response can be better governed by relocating the detention pond to upstream of existing detention pond especially when heavy rainfall events are becoming frequent.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area of flow in channel

A p :

Area of the pond

A o :

Area of sub-grid

a p :

Area of outlet pipe of pond

C d :

Coefficient of discharge of pipe

g :

Acceleration due to gravity

H ts :

Tidal stage

H tsm :

Mean tidal stage

H tsr :

Half oscillation range

h d :

Discharge head above the outlet of the pond

h o :

Overland flow depth

h c :

Depth of flow in channel

h i,j :

Free water surface elevation

h ip :

Invert level of discharge outlet of pond

h p :

Water level in pond

h tl :

Tail water level in the pond

I o :

Inflow into sub-area

L :

Channel element length

N 1, N 2 :

Shape function for linear line element

n ch :

Manning’s channel roughness

n fp :

Manning’s roughness value in floodplain

η o :

Manning’s roughness value for overland flow grid

Q :

Discharge in channel

Q in :

Inflow into pond

Q out :

Outflow from pond

Q up :

Flux in up direction

q :

Overland flow

R :

Channel hydraulic radius

r :

Rainfall intensity

S c :

Channel bed slope

S o :

Slope of sub-grid of overland flow

t p :

Time period of one tidal cycle

\(V_{i,j}^{\text{t}}\) :

Volume of water

V p :

Volume of storage in pond

v x :

Velocity component of lateral discharge

Δt :

Time step

ΔV o :

Increment in storage of grid

Δx :

Linear dimension of cell

i :

Row position

j :

Column position

t :

Time level

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge their sincere gratitude to Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, New Delhi for sponsoring the present study through 09DST033 project. The authors thank the engineers of CIDCO for providing data of the study area. The authors also thank the reviewer/s for their suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India

    A. T. Kulkarni, T. I. Eldho & E. P. Rao

  2. Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India

    B. K. Mohan

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  1. A. T. Kulkarni
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  2. T. I. Eldho
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  3. E. P. Rao
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  4. B. K. Mohan
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Correspondence to T. I. Eldho.

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Kulkarni, A.T., Eldho, T.I., Rao, E.P. et al. An integrated flood inundation model for coastal urban watershed of Navi Mumbai, India. Nat Hazards 73, 403–425 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1079-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1079-6

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