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Inclusion of earthquake strong ground motion in a geographic information system-based landslide susceptibility zonation in Garhwal Himalayas

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Abstract

Garhwal Himalayas are seismically very active and simultaneously suffering from landslide hazards. Landslides are one of the most frequent natural hazards in Himalayas causing damages worth more than one billion US$ and around 200 deaths every year. Thus, it is of paramount importance to identify the landslide causative factors to study them carefully and rank them as per their influence on the occurrence of landslides. The difference image of GIS-derived landslide susceptibility zonation maps prepared for pre- and post-Chamoli earthquake shows the effect of seismic shaking on the occurrence of landslides in the Garhwal Himalaya. An attempt has been made to incorporate seismic shaking parameters in terms of peak ground acceleration with other static landslide causative factors to produce landslide susceptibility zonation map in geographic information system environment. In this paper, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis has been carried out to calculate peak ground acceleration values at different time periods for estimating seismic shaking conditions in the study area. Further, these values are used as one of the causative factors of landslides in the study area and it is observed that it refines the preparation of landslide susceptibility zonation map in seismically active areas like Garhwal Himalayas.

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Abbreviations

DEM:

Digital elevation model

GIS:

Geographic information system

GPS:

Global positioning system

G–R Relationship:

Gutenberg–Richter relationship

GSI:

Geological survey of India

HS:

High susceptibility

IRS:

Indian remote sensing

LISS:

Linear imaging self-scanning

LS:

Low susceptibility

LSI:

Landslide susceptibile index

LSZ:

Landslide susceptibility zonation

Mb :

Short period teleseismic P-wave magnitude from vertical component record

Ml :

Local magnitude from horizontal and/or vertical component derived from original or simulated Wood-Anderson seismograph records

MMI:

Modified Mercalli intensity scale

MS:

Moderate susceptibility

Ms :

Surface-wave magnitude from vertical and/or horizontal component records

M w :

Moment magnitude

NDVI:

Normalized difference vegetation index

NIR:

Near-infrared

PAN:

Panchromatic

PGA:

Peak ground acceleration

PGD:

Peak ground displacement

PGV:

Peak ground velocity

PSHA:

Propbabilistic seismic hazard analysis

SOI:

Survey of India

SWIR:

Short wave infrared

VHS:

Very high susceptibility

VLS:

Very low susceptibility

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Acknowledgments

Naveen Pareek is thankful to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt of India for providing financial support during his PhD work and data procurement used in this work. The paper has benefited by valuable comments by an anonymous reviewers on the earlier version of the manuscript. We are also grateful to the editor for suggestions to improve the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Technical Research Organization, Government of India, New Delhi, 110091, India

    Naveen Pareek

  2. Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India

    Mukat L. Sharma

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India

    Manoj K. Arora

  4. School of Engineering, Gautam Budha University, Greater Noida, 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shilpa Pal

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  1. Naveen Pareek
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Correspondence to Naveen Pareek.

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Pareek, N., Sharma, M.L., Arora, M.K. et al. Inclusion of earthquake strong ground motion in a geographic information system-based landslide susceptibility zonation in Garhwal Himalayas. Nat Hazards 65, 739–765 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0390-3

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