Abstract
cis-Parinaric acid (c-PNA), a natural four conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid, increases free radical production and it is preferentially cytotoxic to malignant glial cells compared to normal astrocytes in-vitro. In order to explain the increased cytotoxicity of c-PNA in malignant glial cells, we compared the effects of c-PNA on the oxidative stress-dependent signal transducing events in 36B10 cells, a malignant rat astrocytoma cell line, and in fetal rat astrocytes. Our results show that c-PNA treatment in 36B10 cells caused a persistent activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) at RNA and protein levels. Specific inhibitors of the kinase significantly reversed the cytotoxicity of c-PNA. Additionally, c-PNA caused the phosphorylated inactivation of forkhead transcription factor-3a (FKHR-L1, FOXO3a) and drastically decreased the activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) that protects cells from oxidative stress. On the other hand, identical c-PNA treatments in normal astrocytes increased the dephosphorylated activation of FKHR-L1, maintained activity of Mn-SOD and failed to phosphorylate JNK. Taken together, the results imply that a selective activation of JNK and the opposite regulation of FKHR-L1 and Mn-SOD contribute to the differential cytotoxicity of c-PNA in malignant and normal glial cells.
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Abbreviations
- c-PNA:
-
cis-Parinaric acid
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- JNK:
-
c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase
- FKHR:
-
Forkhead transcription factor
- RT-PCR:
-
Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- ELISA:
-
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- MTT:
-
3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide
- MAPK:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase
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Zaheer, A., Sahu, S.K., Ryken, T.C. et al. Cis-Parinaric Acid Effects, Cytotoxicity, c-Jun N-terminal Protein Kinase, Forkhead Transcription Factor and Mn-SOD Differentially in Malignant and Normal Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 32, 115–124 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-006-9236-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-006-9236-2