Abstract
An endogenous inhibitor of l-Dopa decarboxylase was identified and purified from human serum. In Triton X-114 partitioning experiments, the inhibitor was recovered in the detergent enriched phase, suggesting a hydrophobic nature. Purification was achieved by means of proteinase K digestion, ammonium sulphate precipitation, phenyl sepharose hydrophobic chromatography and subsequent extraction from a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel. This purification scheme resulted in the isolation of a single 25 kDa band, bearing l-Dopa decarboxylase inhibitory activity. The purified molecule was found to be resistant to heat and digestion by various proteases. Proteolytic digestion of the purified inhibitor by pronase and aminopeptidase M was achieved only following carboxymethylation. The biological importance of the presence of an l-Dopa decarboxylase activity inhibitor in normal biological fluids remains to be elucidated. The better understanding of the regulation of Ddc enzymatic activity could prove valuable in the clarification of the enzyme’s role in a series of pathological conditions, as well as, in physiological regulatory mechanisms.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. Lovenberg H. Weissbach S. Udenfriend (1962) ArticleTitleAromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase J. Biol. Res. 237 89–93
R. Maneckjee S. B. Baylin (1983) ArticleTitleUse of radiolabeled monofluoromethyl-Dopa to define the subunit structure of human l-Dopa decarboxylase Biochem. 22 6058–6063 Occurrence Handle10.1021/bi00295a003
H. Ichinose K. Kojima A. Togari Y. Kato S. Parvez H. Parvez T. Nagatsu (1985) ArticleTitleSimple purification of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase from human pheochromocytoma using high-performance liquid chromatography Anal. Biochem. 150 408–414 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0003-2697(85)90529-9 Occurrence Handle4091266
P. Dominici B. Tancini D. Barra C. B. Voltattorni (1987) ArticleTitlePurification and characterization of rat-liver 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine decarboxylase Eur. J. Biochem. 169 209–213 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb13599.x Occurrence Handle3119338
K. Shirota H. Fujisawa (1988) ArticleTitlePurification and characterization of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase from rat kidney and monoclonal antibody to the enzyme J. Neurochem. 51 426–434 Occurrence Handle3392537
I. Nishigaki H. Ichinose K. Tamai T. Nagatsu (1988) ArticleTitlePurification of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase from bovine brain with a monoclonal antibody Biochem. J. 252 331–335 Occurrence Handle3415655
Y. L. Siow K. Dakshinamurti (1990) ArticleTitlePurification of dopa decarboxylase from bovine striatum Mol. Cell. Biochem. 94 121–131 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00214119 Occurrence Handle2115615
D. G. Mappouras J. Stiakakis E. G. Fragoulis (1990) ArticleTitlePurification and characterization of l-dopa decarboxylase from human kidney Mol. Cell. Biochem. 94 147–156 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00214121 Occurrence Handle2374548
L. E. Dyck C. R. Yang A. A. Boulton (1983) ArticleTitleThe biosynthesis of p-tyramine, m-tyramine and b-phenylethylamine by rat striatal slices J. Neurosci. Res. 10 211–220 Occurrence Handle10.1002/jnr.490100209 Occurrence Handle6632007
I. A. Paterson A. V. Juorio A. A. Boulton (1990) ArticleTitle2-Phenylethylamine:A modulator of catecholamine transmission in the mammalian central nervous system? J. Neurochem. 55 1827–1837 Occurrence Handle2172461
W. R. Adam A. J. Culvenor J. Hall B. Jarrott R. M. Wellard (1986) ArticleTitleAromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase: histochemical localization in rat kidney and lack of effect of dietary potassium or sodium loading on enzyme distribution Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 13 47–53 Occurrence Handle3519016
P. Lindstrom J. Sehlin (1983) ArticleTitleMechanisms underlying the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptophan in pancreatic islets A proposed role for l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase Endocrinol. 112 1524–1529
Z. L. Rossetti C. P. Silvia D. Krajnc N. H. Neff M. Hadjiconstantinou (1990) ArticleTitleAromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase is modulated by D1 dopamine receptors in rat retina J. Neurochem. 54 787–791 Occurrence Handle2137529
Z. Rossetti D. Krajnc N. H. Neff M. Hadjiconstantinou (1989) ArticleTitleModulation of retinal aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase via alpha 2 adrenoceptors J. Neurochem. 52 647–652 Occurrence Handle2536080
M. Y. Zhu A. V. Juorio I. A. Paterson A. A. Boulton (1992) ArticleTitleRegulation of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase by dopamine receptors in the rat brain J. Neurochem. 58 636–641 Occurrence Handle1729407
M. Hadjiconstantinou T. A. Wemlinger C. P. Sylvia J. P. Hubble N. H. Neff (1993) ArticleTitleAromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity of mouse striatum is modulated via dopamine receptors J. Neurochem. 60 2175–2180 Occurrence Handle8492125
M. Y. Zhu A. V. Juorio I. A. Paterson A. A. Boulton (1993) ArticleTitleRegulation of striatal aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase: effects of blockade or activation of dopamine receptors Eur. J. Pharmacol. 238 157–164 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-2999(93)90843-7 Occurrence Handle8104805
E. A. Young N. H. Neff M. Hadjiconstantinou (1993) ArticleTitleEvidence for cyclic AMP-mediated increase of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity in the striatum and midbrain J. Neurochem. 60 2331–2333 Occurrence Handle8388038
E. A. Young N. H. Neff M. Hadjiconstantinou (1994) ArticleTitlePhorbol ester administration transiently increases aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity of the mouse striatum and midbrain J. Neurochem. 63 694–697 Occurrence Handle8035193
H. Watanabe M. Imaizumi T. Ojika T. Abe T. Hida K. Kato (1994) ArticleTitleEvaluation of biological characteristics of lung cancer by the human 28 kDa vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein, calbindin-D28k Jap. J. Clin. Oncol. 24 121–127
T. Koh J. Yokuta K. Ookawa T. Kina K. Koshimura S. Miwa T. Ariyasu H. Yamada M. Osaka H. Haga (1995) ArticleTitleAlternative splicing of the neurofibromatosis 1 gene correlates with growth patterns and neuroendocrine properties of human small-cell lung-carcinoma cells Int. J. Cancer 60 843–847 Occurrence Handle7896456
P. R. Buckland R. Marshall P. Watkins P. McGuffin (1997) ArticleTitleDoes phenylethylamine have a role in schizophrenia?: LSD and PCP up-regulate aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase mRNA levels Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 49 266–270 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00160-5 Occurrence Handle9387886
S. B. Baylin W. R. Weisburger J. C. Eggleston G. Mendelsohn M. A. Beaven M. D. Abeloff D. S. Ettinger (1978) ArticleTitleVariable content of histaminase, l-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications New Engl. J. Med. 299 105–110 Occurrence Handle26872
H. Ichinose T. Ohye K. Fujita F. Pantucek K. Lange P. Riederer T. Nagatsu (1994) ArticleTitleQuantification of mRNA of tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in the substantia nigra in Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia J. Neural Transmission – Parkinson’s Disease & Dementia Section 8 149–158
A. Gjedde G. C. Leger P. Cumming Y. Yasuhara A. Evans M. Guttman H. Kuwabara (1993) ArticleTitleStriatal l-DOPA decarboxlase activity in Parkinson’s disease in vivo: implications for the regulation of dopamine synthesis J. Neurochem. 61 1538–1541 Occurrence Handle8377003
N. H. Neff M. Hadjiconstantinou (1995) ArticleTitleAromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase modulation and Parkinson’s disease Progr. Brain Res. 106 91–97
J. A. Gilbert L. A. Bates M. M. Ames (1995) ArticleTitleElevated aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase in human carcinoid tumors Biochem. Pharmacol. 50 845–850 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0006-2952(95)02006-X Occurrence Handle7575647
J. A. Gilbert L. M. Frederick M. M. Ames (2000) ArticleTitleThe aromatic-l-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor carbidopa is selectively cytotoxic to human pulmonary carcinoid and small cell lung carcinoma cells Clin. Cancer Res. 6 4365–4372 Occurrence Handle11106255
S. Hashimoto T. Ikeno J. Hasegawa T. Nagatsu H. Kuzuya (1980) ArticleTitleEndogenous inhibitors of DOPA decarboxylase in rat submandibular gland Arch. Oral Biol. 25 195–199 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0003-9969(80)90020-5 Occurrence Handle6930957
M. K. Rahman A. Togari K. Kojima K. Takahashi T. Nagatsu (1984) ArticleTitlePresence of endogenous inhibitor of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in monkey serum Mol. Cell. Biochem. 63 53–58 Occurrence Handle6333583
M. M. Bradford (1976) ArticleTitleA rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein dye binding Anal. Biochem. 72 248–254 Occurrence Handle942051
E. G. Fragoulis C. E. Sekeris (1975) ArticleTitlePurification and characteristics of DOPA-decarboxylase from the integument of Calliphora vicina larve Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 168 15–25 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0003-9861(75)90223-4 Occurrence Handle1137393
C. Bordier (1981) ArticleTitlePhase separation of integral membrane proteins in Triton X-114 solution J. Biol. Chem. 256 1604–1607 Occurrence Handle6257680
D. M. Kuhn R. Arthur Junior H. Yoon K. Sankaran (1990) ArticleTitleTyrosine hydroxylase in secretory granules from bovine adrenal medulla J. Biol. Chem. 265 5780–5786 Occurrence Handle1969407
Moore S., and Stein H. (1963) Pages 819–831, in Colowick S. P., and Kaplan N. O. (eds.), Methods in Enzymology, vol. 6. Academic Press: San Diego.
U. K. Laemmli (1970) ArticleTitleCleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 Nature 227 680–685 Occurrence Handle5432063
Y. Narahasi K. Shibuya M. Yanagita (1968) ArticleTitleStudies on proteolytic enzymes (Pronase) of Streptomyces griseus K-1. Separation of exo- and endopeptidases of Pronase J. Biochem. 64 427–437 Occurrence Handle5707831
E. D. Wachsmuth I. Fritze G. Pfeiderer (1966) ArticleTitleAn aminopeptidase occuring in in pig kidney. An improved method of preparation. Physical and enzymic properties Biochem. 5 169–174 Occurrence Handle10.1021/bi00865a022
D. C. Brune (1992) ArticleTitleAlkylation of cysteine with acrylamide for protein sequence analysis Anal. Biochem. 207 285–290 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0003-2697(92)90013-W Occurrence Handle1481983
J. B. Cowland D. Carter M. D. Bjerregaard A. H. Johnsen N. Borregaard K. Lollike (2003) ArticleTitleTissue expression of copines and isolation of copines I and II from the cytosol of human neutrophils J.Leucok. Biol 74 379–388 Occurrence Handle10.1189/jlb.0203083
J. M. Isacs J. P. Cartailler Y. Sokolov D. R. Patel R. Langen H. Luecke J. E. Hall H. T. Haigler (2000) ArticleTitleAnnexins V and XII insert into bilayres at midly acidic pH and form ion channels Biochem 39 3015–3022 Occurrence Handle10.1021/bi9922401
W. A. Gorczyca M. Kobialka M. Kuropatwa E. Kurowska (2003) ArticleTitleCa2+ differently affects hydrophobic properties of guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs) and recoverin Acta. Biochim.Pol. 50 367–376 Occurrence Handle12833163
T. D. Kim H. J. Ryu H. I. Cho C. H. Yang J. Kim (2000) ArticleTitleThermal behavior of proteins: heat-resistant proteins and their heat-induced secondary structural changes Biochem. 39 14839–14846 Occurrence Handle10.1021/bi001441y
P. Chueh D. J. Morre F. E. Wilkinson J. Gibson D. M. Morre (1997) ArticleTitleA 33.5 kDa Heat- and Protease-Resistant NADH Oxidase Inhibited by Capsaicin from Sera of Cancer Patients Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 342 38–47 Occurrence Handle10.1006/abbi.1997.9992 Occurrence Handle9185612
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Dido Vassilacopoulou and Emmanuel G. Fragoulis-Shared senior authorship
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vassiliou, AG., Vassilacopoulou, D. & Fragoulis, E.G. Purification of an Endogenous Inhibitor of L-Dopa Decarboxylase Activity from Human Serum. Neurochem Res 30, 641–649 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-005-2752-7
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-005-2752-7