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Can control banding be useful for the safe handling of nanomaterials? A systematic review

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Abstract

Control banding (CB) is a risk management strategy that has been used to identify and recommend exposure control measures to potentially hazardous substances for which toxicological information is limited. The application of CB and level of expertise required for implementation and management can differ depending on knowledge of the hazard potential, the likelihood of exposure, and the ability to verify the effectiveness of exposure control measures. A number of different strategies have been proposed for using CB in workplaces where exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can occur. However, it is unclear if the use of CB can effectively reduce worker exposure to nanomaterials. A systematic review of studies was conducted to answer the question “can control banding be useful to ensure adequate controls for the safe handling of nanomaterials.” A variety of databases were searched to identify relevant studies pertaining to CB. Database search terms included ‘control,’ ‘hazard,’ ‘exposure,’ and ‘risk’ banding as well as the use of these terms in the context of nanotechnology or nanomaterials. Other potentially relevant studies were identified during the review of articles obtained in the systematic review process. Identification of studies and the extraction of data were independently conducted by the reviewers. Quality of the studies was assessed using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). A total of 235 records were identified in the database search in which 70 records were determined to be eligible for full-text review. Only two studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated the application of the CB Nanotool in workplaces where ENMs were being handled. A total of 32 different nanomaterial handling activities were evaluated in these studies by comparing the recommended exposure controls using CB to existing exposure controls previously recommended by an industrial hygienist. It was determined that the selection of exposure controls using CB were consistent with those recommended by an industrial hygienist for 19 out of 32 (59.4 %) job activities. A higher level of exposure control was recommended for nine out of 32 (28.1 %) job activities using CB, while four out of 32 (12.5 %) job activities had in-place exposure controls that were more stringent than those recommended using CB. After evaluation using GRADE, evidence indicated that the use of CB Nanotool can recommend exposure controls for many ENM job activities that would be consistent with those recommended by an experienced industrial hygienist. The use of CB for reducing exposures to ENMs has the potential to be an effective risk management strategy when information is limited on the health risk to the nanomaterial and/or there is an absence of an occupational exposure limit. However, there remains a lack of evidence to conclude that the use of CB can provide adequate exposure control in all work environments. Additional validation work is needed to provide more data to support the use of CB for the safe handling of ENMs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Paul A. Schulte, co-manager of the NIOSH Nanotechnology Research Center and extend special thanks to Catherine Beaucham, Laura Hodson, Thomas J. Lentz, Denese Deeds, Bruce Naumann, and Jos Verbeek for their consultative expertise. In addition, the authors are grateful to Steve Derman of Medishare Environmental Health and Safety and David Zalk of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for their review of this manuscript.

Disclaimer

The findings and conclusions in this report have not been formally disseminated by the NIOSH and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy. Mention of brand name does not constitute product endorsement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanotechnology Research Center, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1090 Tusculum Avenue, MS-C14, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA

    Adrienne Eastlake & Charles Geraci

  2. RCS Corporation, Aiken, South Carolina, USA

    Ralph Zumwalde

Authors
  1. Adrienne Eastlake
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  2. Ralph Zumwalde
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  3. Charles Geraci
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adrienne Eastlake.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Complete search strategy for each bibliographic database

Strategy for PubMed:

(“Occupational Exposure” [Mesh] OR Occupational [TW]) AND (Control Band[TIAB] OR Control Bands[TIAB] OR Control Banding[TIAB] OR Exposure Band[TIAB] OR Exposure Bands[TIAB] OR Risk Banding[TIAB] OR Hazard Band[TIAB] OR Hazard Bands[TIAB]) AND English[lang]

Strategy for: RISK ABSTRACTS, TOXICOLOGY ABSTRACTS, HEALTH & SAFETY SCIENCE ABSTRACTS, TOXLINE, COS CONFERENCE PAPERS INDEX, EMBASE, ABI/INFORM, NTIS, NIOSHTIC-2

“Control Band” OR “Control Bands” OR “Control Banding” OR “Exposure Band” OR “Exposure Bands” OR “Exposure Banding” OR “Risk Banding” OR “Hazard Band” OR “Hazard Bands” OR “Hazard Banding”

(Eliminated Risk Band and Risk Bands – different meaning in penal system)

Strategy for: WorldCat, WordCat Dissertations, Papers First, Proceedings First

“banding” OR “risk banding” OR “hazard banding” OR “exposure banding”

Strategy for Web of Science:

Topic = (“Control Band” OR “Control Bands” OR “Control Banding” OR “Exposure Band” OR “Exposure Bands” OR “Exposure Banding” OR “Risk Banding” OR “Hazard Band” OR “Hazard Bands” OR “Hazard Banding”)

Refined by: Web of Science Categories = (PUBLIC ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OR TOXICOLOGY OR NANOSCIENCE NANOTECHNOLOGY OR ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL) Timespan = All years. Databases = SCI-EXPANDED, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH.

Strategy for Compendex:

Expert Search

34 articles found in Compendex for 1884–2013: ((“Control Band” OR “Control Bands” OR “Control Banding” OR “Exposure Band” OR “Exposure Bands” OR “Exposure Banding” OR “Risk Banding” OR “Hazard Band” OR “Hazard Bands” OR “Hazard Banding”) WN ALL) +(((occupational risks) OR (risk management) OR (risk assessment) OR (nanostructured materials) OR (health risks) OR (hazards) OR (nanoparticles) OR (health hazards) OR (health) OR (industrial hygiene) OR (toxicity) OR (accident prevention)) WN CV) AND ((English) WN LA)

Strategy for DTIC:

“control banding OR “exposure banding” OR “risk banding” OR “hazard banding”

Strategy for OSH References Collection (OSHLine; CISILO; HSELine; Canadiana):

“control banding” < OR > risk banding < OR > exposure banding

Appendix 2: List of studies excluded at the full-text stage and the reason for exclusion

  • 2nd International Control Banding Workshop: Validation and Effectiveness of Control Banding 2004; Cincinnati, Ohio: ACGIH. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • ACGIH. Control banding: issues and opportunities. [S.l.]: ACGIH; 2008. P. p. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • AIHA Presents Update on Control Banding. Targeted News Service. 2009 2009 Mar 13. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. An announcement of a webinar on control banding.

  • Altemose B. Application of Health Hazard Banding for a Chemical Approval Process. 2010 Conference and Exposition of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHce 2010); 2010 May 222010. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Anonymous. Control Banding. Professional Safety. 2005 Sep 2005; 50(9):22-69. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_200398270. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Commentary by the ASSE on the use of control banding as part of the OSHA and MSHA hazard communication standards.

  • Anonymous. Control Banding Is Viable Strategy, NIOSH Says. Professional Safety. 2009 Nov 2009; 54(11):16-7. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_200344464. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. News item published in Professional Safety journal 2009.

  • Anonymous. NIOSH Posts Draft Control Banding Document. Professional Safety. 2008 Jul 2008; 53(7):19. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_200389847. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Announcement indicating the posting of the NIOSH “Qualitative risk characterization and management of occupational hazards” document in Professional Safety journal.

  • Chalupka S. Control banding for risk management of source chemical agents and other occupational hazards. AAOHN journal: official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses. 2010 Sep; 58(9):404. PubMed PMID: 20839730. Epub 2010/09/16. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Commentary on the use of control banding as part of a comprehensive safety and health program.

  • Beaucham CC, Lentz TJ, Rice FL. Expanding control banding for workplace silica exposures throughout the Americas. International journal of occupational and environmental health. 2012 Oct-Dec; 18(4):344- 7. PubMed PMID: 23433296. Epub 2013/02/26. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Review of the application of control banding in the control of silica exposures.

  • Bracker AL, Morse TF, Simcox NJ. Training health and safety committees to use control banding: lessons learned and opportunities for the United States. Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene. 2009 May; 6(5):307-14. PubMed PMID: 19283620. Epub 2009/03/14. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Pilot training program administered to joint labor/management teams on how to use control banding.

  • Bracker A, Morse T. Workshop series: control banding: a risk assessment tool for joint labor/management health and safety committees. Final Grant Report. 2008 Grant-Number-R13-OH- 008949. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Progress report on instructing teams of labor/management participants on the use of control banding.

  • Bracker A, Morse T. Training Health and Safety Committees to Use Control Banding. American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Expo, June 2 - 7, 2007, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association; 2007. p. 1. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Abstract of presentation given at AIHce in 2007.

  • Brouwer DH. Control banding approaches for nanomaterials. The Annals of occupational hygiene. 2012 Jul; 56(5):506-14. PubMed PMID: 22752095. Epub 2012/07/04. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [no application of CB methods to nanomaterials] Description and comparison of six different control banding methods used for nanomaterials.

  • Brown DG. A New Method for Management of Chemical Hazards: Control Banding (Currently Utilized in Europe). 70th Annual Educational Conference and Exhibition of the National Environmental Health Association (AEC 2006); 2006 Jun 252006. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Control banding uses and misuses. Cincinnati, Ohio: ACGIH; 2008. p. 1 CD-ROM: sd., col.; 4 3/4 in. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Eherts DM. Control Banding and Control Technologies for Research Labs. 231st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society; 2006 Mar 262006. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Fingerhut M. Global qualitative risk management (control banding) activities. Industrial health. 2008 Aug; 46(4):305-7. PubMed PMID: 18716377. Epub 2008/08/22. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Editorial on the possible global application of control banding on minimizing workplace exposures.

  • Fleury D, Fayet G, Vignes A, Henry F, Frejafon E. Nanomaterials risk assessment in the process industries: Evaluation and application of current control banding methods. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 2013; 31:949-54. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [no application of CB methods to nanomaterials]. Description and comparison of different elements and limitations for five control banding methods specific to nanomaterials.

  • Garmann DD. Is Chemical Control Banding the Future of OSHA Hazard Communication Program? Professional Safety. 2006; 51 (NO 1):547. PubMed PMID: CN058490452. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Commentary on the use of control banding in OSHA hazard communication standard.

  • Geter D, Hotchkiss J, Krieger S, Cawley T, Osterloh-Quiroz M. Use of Control Banding and Sensory Irritation (RD50) Data to Assess Occupational Exposure Values for N-Propyl, N-Butyl, and N-Pentyl Propionate. 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011); 2011 Mar 062011. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Abstract of presentation at SOT meeting.

  • Gibson P. CONTROL BANDING - A WAY FORWARD? Safeguard. 2003 July/August; 80:38-40. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Guest I. The chemical industries association guidance on allocating occupational exposure bands. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 1998 Aug 1998; 42(6):407-11. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_16502994; 4406893. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Review article on the development of occupational exposure bands for specific substances which could be used for selecting appropriate exposure control measures.

  • Guidance for conducting control banding analyses. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association; 2007. Vii, 95 p. p. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Hale A, Swuste P, Zalk DM. A simplified, qualitative strategy for the assessment of occupational risks and selection of solutions: Control Banding [Thesis/Dissertation ETD] 2010. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. A compilation of articles published by the author on control banding.

  • Hashimoto H, Goto T, Nakachi N, Suzuki H, Takebayashi T, Kajiki S, et al. Evaluation of the control banding method–comparison with measurement-based comprehensive risk assessment. Journal of occupational health. 2007 Nov; 49(6):482-92. PubMed PMID: 18075208. Epub 2007/12/14. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. An evaluation of whether the use of a control banding approach provided adequate control of airborne exposures.

  • Hellman G. NIOSH PUBLISHES CONTROL BANDING DOCUMENT, URGES EMPLOYERS, OSHA TO ADOPT STRATEGY. Chemical Regulation Reporter. 2009 31 August; 33(35):866-7. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Jankovic JT. Applying Control Banding in the Determination of Control Measures in Laboratories using Nanoparticles. 234th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society; 2007 Aug 192007. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Keyes Jr SE. Control Banding. 70th Annual Educational Conference and Exhibition of the National Environmental Health Association (AEC 2006); 2006 Jun 25, 2006. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Keyes S. Control banding. 12th Triennial World Congress on Public Health; 2009 Apr 272009. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Kuempel ED, Castranova V, Geraci CL, Schulte PA. Development of risk-based nanomaterial groups for occupational exposure control. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012 Sep; 14(9). PubMed PMID: WOS: 000308225800006. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Categorization of nanomaterials into various mode of action classes which can be assigned an OEL or used in control banding application.

  • Lentz T. NIOSH Critical Review of Control Banding: Implications for Application in U.S. Workplaces. 2010 Conference and Exposition of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHce 2010); 2010 May 222010. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Lentz TJ, Miller J, Hildreth Watts C. Introduction to control banding - the GTZ chemical risk management guide and training. Highways to Safety Kentucky’s 22nd Annual Governor’s Safety and Health Conference and Exposition, May 9-12, 2006, Louisville, Kentucky; Kentucky Safety and Health Network, Inc., 2006 May; 2006. p. 31. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Madl AK, Unice K, Kreider M, Kovochich M, Bebenek IG, Abramson MM. Health risk ranking framework for the life cycle of nanomaterial-containing products: Comparison of industrial versus consumer application settings. International Journal of Toxicology. 2013; 32 (1):65. PubMed PMID: 71010315. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Abstract for conference presentation discussing a health risk ranking framework for the life-cycle of nanomaterial containing products.

  • Markiewicz D. Control banding comes of age. ISHN. 2005 Aug 2005; 39(8):19-21. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_196515421. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Article discussing the basics of Control Banding.

  • Marquart H, Heussen H, Le Feber M, Noy D, Tielemans E, Schinkel J, et al. ‘Stoffenmanager,’ a web-based control banding tool using an exposure process model. The Annals of occupational hygiene. 2008 Aug; 52(6):429-41. PubMed PMID: 18587140. Epub 2008/07/01. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Overview of the specifics of the Stoffenmanager online risk banding method.

  • Muianga CV. Control banding approaches and chemical risk assessment/management in small-scale mechanical workshops in Mozambique. Special topic: Practical tools. African newsletter on occupational health and safety. 2008; 18(2):p. 32-5: statistics. PubMed PMID: 696313577. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. A review of the use of control banding strategies in various industry sectors.

  • Nelson D, Zalk D. History and Evolution of Control Banding: A Review. Washington, D.C.: United States. Dept. of Energy; Oak Ridge, Tenn.: distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy; 2006. p. PDF-file: 31 pages; size: 0.6 Mbytes. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Review of the literature on the components used in applying control banding.

  • Nelson D. Control Banding Tool for Managing Infectious Disease Response. 2010 Conference and Exposition of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHce 2010); 2010 May 222010. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Niemeier RW, Lentz TJ. U.S. national control banding workshop and research agenda. IOHA 2005. 6th International Scientific Conference of the International Occupational Hygiene Association, 19-23 September, 2005, Pilanesberg National Park, North West Province, South Africa. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005. p. 129. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • NIOSH. Qualitative risk characterization and management of occupational hazards: control banding (CB): a literature review and critical analysis. NIOSH. OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 2009. p. 1-96. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Literature review and critical analysis of the components (e.g., hazard category, hazard classification, R-phrases) used in the application of control banding.

  • NIOSH. Potential application of control banding for safe handling of engineered nanoparticles in the workplace. NORA Symposium. 2006 Research Makes a Difference! April 18-26, 2006, Washington, DC. Washington, DC: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2006 Apr: 401-2. PubMed PMID: 20030215. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [no application of CB methods to nanomaterials] Abstract for presentation regarding the potential use of control banding for engineered nanomaterials.

  • NIOSH POSTS DRAFT CONTROL BANDING DOCUMENT FOR PUBLIC REVIEW, COMMENT. US Fed News Service, Including US State News. 2008 2008 May 14. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Announcement in Professional Safety journal.

  • Oberstar MC, Sorrell E. The implementation of control banding in the semiconductor industry. SESHA Journal: Semiconductor Environmental Safety and Health Association. 2007; 1207. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Oldershaw PJ. Control banding workshop, 4-5 November 2002, London. The Annals of occupational hygiene. 2003 Oct; 47(7):531-2. PubMed PMID: 14530178. Epub 2003/10/08. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Editorial discussing control banding based on Control Banding Workshop, November 2002.

  • Paik S, Harrington D, Kapp J, Swuste P, Zalk D, Kamerzell R. Risk Level Based Management System a control banding model for occupational health and safety risk management in a highly regulated environment. Washington, D.C: United States. Dept. of Energy; Oak Ridge, Tenn.: distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy; 2009. p. PDF-file: 28 pages; size: 1 Mbytes. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Description of a risk management system used at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in which control banding is applied for minimizing workplace exposures.

  • Paik SY, Swuste P, Zalk DM. Application of a pilot control banding tool for risk level assessment and control of nanoparticle exposures. Washington, D.C.: United States. Dept. of Energy; Oak Ridge, Tenn.: distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy; 2008. p. PDF-file: 35 pages; size: 0.2 Mbytes. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Paik S, Swuste P, Zalk D. Control Banding Nanotool Evaluation of a qualitative risk assessment method for the control of nanoparticulate exposures. Washington, D.C.: United States. Dept. of Energy; Oak Ridge, Tenn.: distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy; 2009. p. PDF-file: 3 pages; size: 0.6 Mbytes. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. PowerPoint presentation on the application of control banding.

  • Paik S, Zalk D. Control Banding and Nanotechnology Synergist. Washington, D.C: United States. Dept. of Energy; Oak Ridge, Tenn.: distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy; 2009. p. PDF-file: 8 pages; size: 0.6 Mbytes. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [no application of CB methods to nanomaterials] Description of CB nanotool method.

  • Riediker M, Ostiguy C, Triolet J, Troisfontaine P, Vernez D, Bourdel G, et al. Development of a Control Banding Tool for Nanomaterials. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2012. PubMed PMID: WOS: 000308201900001. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [no application of CB methods to nanomaterials] Description of a control banding method for nanomaterials supported by ANSES.

  • Ripple S. Hyped about Hazard Banding: New Hope for an Established Practice. 2010 Conference and Exposition of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHce 2010); 2010 May 222010. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Overview on the applicability of control banding in controlling exposures to chemicals when no OELs exist.

  • Schwartz CS, Traul KA. Validation study of an occupational exposure band (OEB) classification system. 2000 Dec 312000. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Abstract for 1999 SOT presentation.

  • Shin Y, Ha J, Ahn G, Kim J, Park H, Kim B, et al. Development of a Web-based Chemical Control Banding Program for Small and Medium Enterprises in Korea. 2010 Conference and Exposition of the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHce 2010); 2010 May 222010. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Silva F, Arezes PM, Swuste P, editors. Risk assessment and control in engineered nanoparticles occupational exposure. 9th International Symposium on Occupational Safety and Hygiene, SHO 2013, February 14, 2013 - February 15, 2013; 2013; Guimaraes, Portugal: CRC Press/Balkema. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Skordal KJYM, thesis a. Control banding tools advanced regulated evaluation and authorization of chemicals tool and agreement with professional judgment [Thesis]: University of Washington; 2012. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Masters of Science degree thesis.

  • Smith S. ASSE Wants Control Banding in OSHA’s Hazmat Communications Standard. EHS Today. 2010 2010 Mar 08. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_224605074. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] News report statement.

  • Steinberg RHJBK. Challenges in the application of control banding tools: case studies from South India. Asian-Pacific newsletter on occupational health and safety. 2005; 12(3):p. 56-60: statistics. PubMed PMID: 76793707. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific] Description of a case study in which the application of R-phrases for certain chemicals may not provide the needed exposure protection when using control banding.

  • Swuste P. Control Banding in occupational safety, with an example of the construction industry. Arezes P, Baptista JS, Barroso MP, Carneiro P, Cordeiro P, Costa N, et al., editors. Guimaraes: Portuguese Soc Occupational Safety & Hygiene; 2010. 45-9 p. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Tischer M, Scholaen S. Chemical management and control strategies: Experiences from the GTZ pilot project on chemical safety in Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises. Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2003 Oct; 47(7):571-5. PubMed PMID: WOS: 000186147000007. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Discussion on the application of a chemical management guide on how to identify job tasks with potential exposures, develop a chemical inventory, and how to apply a continuous improvement of chemical management.

  • Tranter G. Control banding and COSHH Essentials. Croner Chemical Safety Briefing. 2007 October: 5-6. *Unable to obtain literature therefore not able to include in review.

  • Tsai CS, White D, Rodriguez H, Munoz CE, Huang C-y, Tsai C-j, et al. Exposure assessment and engineering control strategies for airborne nanoparticles: an application to emissions from nanocomposite compounding processes. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012 Jul 2012; 14(7):1-14. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_1285650278. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Discussion of various exposure control strategies that could be used to control airborne nanoparticle exposures at various sources.

  • Van Broekhuizen P, van Broekhuizen F, Cornelissen R, Reijnders L. Workplace exposure to nanoparticles and the application of provisional nano-reference values in times of uncertain risks. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012; 14(4):1-25. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Development of nanomaterial reference values that can be used in establishing provisional exposure limits.

  • Van Duuren-Stuurman B, Vink SR, Verbist KJ, Heussen HG, Brouwer DH, Kroese DE, et al. Stoffenmanager Nano version 1.0: a web-based tool for risk prioritization of airborne manufactured nano objects. The Annals of occupational hygiene. 2012 Jul; 56(5):525-41. PubMed PMID: 22267129. Epub 2012/01/24. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [no application of CB methods to nanomaterials] Description of the Stoffenmanager nano risk prioritization method for nanomaterials.

  • Walter L. Safety on the Smallest Scale: NIOSH Offers Safe Work Practices for Nanomaterials. EHS Today. 2012 2012 Jun 13. PubMed PMID: prod.academic_MSTAR_1021788240. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. News report on release of NIOSH document.

  • Weinrich A, Hoover M. Control banding principles used to reduce risks of potentially immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) environments. American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Expo, May 21-26, 2005, Anaheim, California. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association; 2005. p. 63. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. Abstract of presentation presented at AIHce 2005.

  • Zalk D. Can Control Banding be better than traditional Industrial Hygiene? : Washington, D.C.: United States. Dept. of Energy; Oak Ridge, Tenn.: distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy; 2009. p. PDF-file: 3 pages; size: 0.6 Mbytes. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. PowerPoint presentation on the application of control banding.

  • Zalk DM, Nelson DI. History and evolution of control banding: a review. Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene. 2008 May; 5(5):330-46. PubMed PMID: 18350442. Epub 2008/03/20. English. *DUPLICATE*.

  • Zalk DM, Kamerzell R, Paik S, Kapp J, Harrington D, Swuste P. Risk level based management system: a control banding model for occupational health and safety risk management in a highly regulated environment. Industrial health. 2010; 48(1):18-28. PubMed PMID: 20160404. Epub 2010/02/18. English. *DUPLICATE*.

  • Zalk DM, Heussen GH. Banding the world together; the global growth of control banding and qualitative occupational risk management. Safety and health at work. 2011 Dec; 2(4):375-9. PubMed PMID: 22953222. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3430910. Epub 2012/09/07. English. *Literature identified but deemed not relevant for inclusion: [not nanomaterial specific]. The global use of control banding strategies.

Appendix 3: Relevant studies

  • Paik SY, Zalk DM, Swuste P (2008) Application of a pilot control banding tool for risk level assessment and control of nanoparticle exposures. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 52(6):419-28.

  • Zalk DM, Paik SY, Swuste P (2009) Evaluating the Control Banding Nanotool: a qualitative risk assessment method for controlling nanoparticle exposures. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 11(7):1685-704.

Appendix 4: Evidence profiles generated for the two studies using MINORS methodology

See Tables 6 and 7.

Table 6 MINORS evidence profile for the following record: (Paik et al. 2008)
Full size table
Table 7 MINORS evidence profile for the following record: (Zalk et al. 2009)
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Appendix 5: Summary of task/activity results across the two selected studies

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Eastlake, A., Zumwalde, R. & Geraci, C. Can control banding be useful for the safe handling of nanomaterials? A systematic review. J Nanopart Res 18, 169 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3476-0

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