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Improved photodynamic action of nanoparticles loaded with indium (III) phthalocyanine on MCF-7 breast cancer cells

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Abstract

Indium (III) phthalocyanine (InPc) was encapsulated into nanoparticles of PEGylated poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG) to improve the photobiological activity of the photosensitizer. The efficacy of nanoparticles loaded with InPc and their cellular uptake was investigated with MCF-7 breast tumor cells, and compared with the free InPc. The influence of photosensitizer (PS) concentration (1.8–7.5 μmol/L), incubation time (1–2 h), and laser power (10–100 mW) were studied on the photodynamic effect caused by the encapsulated and the free InPc. Nanoparticles with a size distribution ranging from 61 to 243 nm and with InPc entrapment efficiency of 72 ± 6 % were used in the experiments. Only the photodynamic effect of encapsulated InPc was dependent on PS concentration and laser power. The InPc-loaded nanoparticles were more efficient in reducing MCF-7 cell viability than the free PS. For a light dose of 7.5 J/cm2 and laser power of 100 mW, the effectiveness of encapsulated InPc to reduce the viability was 34 ± 3 % while for free InPc was 60 ± 7 %. Confocal microscopy showed that InPc-loaded nanoparticles, as well as free InPc, were found throughout the cytosol. However, the nanoparticle aggregates and the aggregates of free PS were found in the cell periphery and outside of the cell. The nanoparticles aggregates were generated due to the particles concentration used in the experiment because of the small loading of the InPc while the low solubility of InPc caused the formation of aggregates of free PS in the culture medium. The participation of singlet oxygen in the photocytotoxic effect of InPc-loaded nanoparticles was corroborated by electron paramagnetic resonance experiments, and the encapsulation of photosensitizers reduced the photobleaching of InPc.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo for financial support, the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fotônica Aplicada à Biologia Celular (INFABIC) for the confocal microscopy analysis and Prof. Geovane Lopes de Sena from Federal University of Espírito Santo for fluorescence analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Aracruz, Avenida Morobá, 248, Morobá, Aracruz, ES, 29192-733, Brazil

    Carlos Augusto Zanoni Souto & André Romero da Silva

  2. Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29040-090, Brazil

    Klésia Pirola Madeira

  3. Department of Exact Sciences and Earth, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil

    Daniel Rettori

  4. Department of Cellular Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-863, Brazil

    Mariana Ozello Baratti

  5. Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil

    Daniel Razzo

  6. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, 29040-090, Brazil

    Letícia Batista Azevedo Rangel

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  1. Carlos Augusto Zanoni Souto
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  2. Klésia Pirola Madeira
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  7. André Romero da Silva
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Correspondence to André Romero da Silva.

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Souto, C.A.Z., Madeira, K.P., Rettori, D. et al. Improved photodynamic action of nanoparticles loaded with indium (III) phthalocyanine on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Nanopart Res 15, 1879 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1879-8

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