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Incorporating different vegetable oils into an aqueous dispersion of hybrid organic nanoparticles

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Abstract

Different vegetable oils including soy oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, corn oil, castor oil (CO), rapeseed oil, and hydrogenated CO were added to the imidization reaction of poly(styrene–maleic anhydride) or SMA, with ammonium hydroxide in aqueous medium. The oils favorably reduce viscosity during ammonolysis of the anhydride moieties and increase the maximum solid content of the dispersed imidized SMA to at least 50 wt%, compared to a maximum of 35 wt% for pure imidized SMA. The viscosity of imidized SMA with polyunsaturated oils was generally larger than for monosaturated oils, but it was highest for COs due to high contents of hydroxyl groups. Depending on the oil reactivity, homogeneous or core–shell nanoparticles with 20–60 nm diameters formed. The interactions of oil and organic phase were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, indicating qualitative variances between different oils, the fraction imidized SMA and remaining fraction of ammonolyzed SMA without leakage of oil upon diluting the dispersion and precipitation at low pH. A quantitative analysis with calculation of imide contents, amounts of reacted oil and chemical interactions was made by Fourier-transform-Raman spectroscopy suggesting that most interactions take place around the unsaturated oil moieties and ammonolyzed anhydride.

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Acknowledgments

H. Van den Abbeele and G. Schoukens thank the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (I.W.T.) for a funding program “SNAP” (contract grant IWT-080213). P. Samyn acknowledges the Robert Bosch Foundation for support in the Junior Professorship Program “Sustainable use of Natural Resources.” We thank Dr. Ralf Thomann for TEM analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Forest Utilization, Albert-Lüdwigs-University Freiburg, Werthmannstrasse 6, 79085, Freiburg, Germany

    Pieter Samyn

  2. Department of Textiles, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium

    Gustaaf Schoukens

  3. Topchim N.V., Nijverheidstraat 98, 2160, Wommelgem, Belgium

    Dirk Stanssens, Leo Vonck & Henk Van den Abbeele

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  1. Pieter Samyn
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  2. Gustaaf Schoukens
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  3. Dirk Stanssens
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  4. Leo Vonck
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  5. Henk Van den Abbeele
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Correspondence to Pieter Samyn.

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Samyn, P., Schoukens, G., Stanssens, D. et al. Incorporating different vegetable oils into an aqueous dispersion of hybrid organic nanoparticles. J Nanopart Res 14, 1075 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1075-2

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