Abstract
A continuous aerosol process has been studied for producing nanoparticles of oxides that were decorated with smaller metallic nanoparticles and are free of organic stabilizers. To produce the oxide carrier nanoparticles, an aerosol of 3–6 μm oxide particles was ablated using a pulsed excimer laser. The resulting oxide nanoparticle aerosol was then mixed with 1.5–2.0 μm metallic particles and this mixed aerosol was exposed to the laser for a second time. The metallic micron-sized particles were ablated during this second exposure, and the resulting nanoparticles deposited on the surface of the oxide nanoparticles producing an aerosol of 10–60 nm oxide nanoparticles that were decorated with smaller 1–5 nm metallic nanoparticles. The metal and oxide nanoparticle sizes were varied by changing the laser fluence and gas type in the aerosol. The flexibility of this approach was demonstrated by producing metal-decorated oxide nanoparticles using two oxides, SiO2 and TiO2, and two metals, Au and Ag.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arici E, Meissner D, Schaafler F, Sacriciftci NS (2003) Core/shell nanomaterials in photovoltaics. Int J Photoenergy 5(4):199–208
Averitt RD, Westcott SL, Halas NJ (1999) Linear optical properties of gold nanoshells. J Opt Soc 16(10):1824–1832
Bailey RE, Nie S (2003) Alloyed semiconductor quantum dots: tuning the optical properties without changing the particle size. J Am Chem Soc 125(23):7100–7106
Cai H, Chaudhary N, Lee J, Becker MF, Brock JR, Keto JW (1998) Generation of metal nanoparticles by laser ablation of microspheres. J Aerosol Sci 29(5–6):627
Chen MS, Goodman DW (2004) The structure of catalytically active gold on titania. Science 306(5694):252–255
Gallardo I (2008) Tuning of core-shell heterostructured nanoparticles generated by laser ablation of microparticles. Dissertation, the University of Texas at Austin
Gallardo I, Hoffman K, Keto JW (2009) CdSe & ZnS core/shell nanoparticles generated by laser ablation of microparticles. Appl Phys 94(1):65–72
Herzing AA, Kiely CJ, Carley AF, Landon P, Hutchings GJ (2008) Identification of active gold nanoclusters on iron oxide supports for CO oxidation. Science 321(5894):1331–1335
Karamkar B, De G, Ganguli D (2000) Dense silica microspheres from organic and inorganic acid hydrolysis of TEOS. J Non-Cryst Solids 272(2–3):119–126
Keto JW, Malyavanatham G, Muller A, O’Brien DT, Shih CK, Becker MF, Kovar D (2006) Nanoparticles of Er-doped glass produced by laser ablation of microparticles. J Nanopart Res 23(8):1582–1585
Lee J, Becker MF, Keto JW (2001) Dynamics of laser ablation of microparticles prior to nanoparticle generation. J Appl Phys 89(12):8146–8152
Libor Z, Zhang Q (2009) Room temperature synthesis, growth mechanism, photocatalytic and photoluminescence properties of cadmium molybdate core-shell microspheres. Cryst Growth Des 9(3):1558–1568
Lynch DW, Hunter WR (1985) Optical Constants of Metals. In: Palik Ed, Gosh G (eds) Handbook of optical constants of solids. Academic Press handbook series, Orlando, pp 350–357
Meng L, Song ZX (2004) Applications of quantum dots to biological medicine. Prog Biochem Biophys 31(2):185–187
Nichols WT, Malyavanatham G, Henneke DE, O’Brien DT, Becker MF, Keto JW (2002) Bimodal nanoparticle size distributions produced by laser ablation of microparticles in aerosols. J Nanopart Res 4(5):423–432
Park YP, Zhang Y, Grass M, Zhabg T, Somorjai GA (2008) Tuning of catalytic oxidation by changing composition of Rh-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles. Nano Letters 8(2):673–677
Park JY, Aliaga C, Renzas JR, Lee H, Somorjai GA (2009) The role of organic capping layers of platinum nanoparticles in catalytic activity of CO oxidation. Catal Lett 129(1):1–6
Phadke S, Sorge JD, Hachtmann S, Birnie IIDP (2010) Broad band optical characterization of sol–gel TiO2 thin film microstructure evolution with temperature. Thin Solid Films 518(19):5467–5470
Tan GL, Lemon MF, French RH (2003) Optical properties and London dispersion forces of amorphous silica determined by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. J Am Ceram Soc 86(11):1885–1892
Vuthichai E, Yusuke K (2009) Synthesis and characterization of core-shell type Fe3O4 nanoparticles in poly (organosilsesquioxane). J Colloid Interf Sci 332(2):389–393
Wang L, Tomura S, Maeda M, Ohashi F, Inukai K, Suzuki M (2000) Synthesis of mesoporous titania spheres under static conditions. Chem Lett 10(12):1414–1415
Wang G, Xiaoping S, Jane Y, David W, Jung-Ho A (2009a) Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon nanotube/cobalt oxide core-shell one-dimensional nanocomposite and application as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem Commun 11(3):546–549
Wang WS, Zhen L, Xu CY, Shao WZ (2009b) Room temperature synthesis, growth mechanism, photocatalytic and photoluminescence properties of cadmium molybdate core-shell microspheres. Cryst Grow Des 9(3):1558–1568
Zhang HT, Ding J, Chow GM (2009) Synthesis and characterizations of Ni–Fe-spinel oxide core-shell nanoparticles. Mater Res Bull 44(5):1195–1199
Zhong CJ, Maye MM (2001) Core-shell assembled nanoparticles as catalysts. Adv Mater 13(9):1507–1511
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under CBET 0708779. The authors like to acknowledge helpful discussions with Dr. J.P. Zhou and useful technical help from Ms. Hoda Tabakoli.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nahar, M., Gallardo, I.F., Gleason, K.L. et al. Metal-on-oxide nanoparticles produced using laser ablation of microparticle aerosols. J Nanopart Res 13, 3455–3464 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0267-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0267-5