Abstract
An equation of state (EOS) for the detonation product of the copper oxide/aluminum (CuO/Al) nanothermite composites is developed based on the Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) theory and the nanothermite detonation experiment. The EOS is implemented into a coupled computational fluid dynamics and computational solid dynamics code through the material point method for the model-based simulations of the detonation response of the CuO/Al nanothermite material placed in a small well. The simulations demonstrate the validity of the formulated EOS to catch the essential feature of the detonation response of the CuO/Al nanothermite. The EOS parameters are determined by comparing simulated and experimentally measured pressure–time histories.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Apperson SJ, Bhattacharya S, Gao Y, Subramanian S, Hasan S, Hossain M, Shende RV, Redner P, Kapoor D, Nicolich S, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S (2006) On-chip initiation and burn rate measurements of thermite energetic reactions. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 896:0896-H03-02
Apperson SJ, Shende RV, Subramanian S, Tappmeyer D, Gangopadhyay S, Chen Z, Gangopadhyay K (2007) Generation of fast propagating combustion and shock waves with copper oxide/aluminum nanothermite composites. Appl Phys Lett 91:243109
Apperson SJ, Bezmelnitsyn AV, Rajagopalan T, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S, Balas WA, Anderson PE, Nicolich SM (2009) Characterization of nanothermite material for solid fuel microthruster applications. J Propuls Power 25:1086–1091
Bardenhagen SG, Kober EM (2004) The generalized interpolation material point method. Comput Model Eng Sci 5:477–495
Blobaum KJ, Reiss ME, Plitzko Lawrence JM, Weihs TP (2002) Deposition and characterization of a self-propagating CuOx/Al thermite reaction in a multilayer foil geometry. J Appl Phys 94:2915–2922
Brackbill JU, Ruppel HM (1986) FLIP: a method for adaptively zoned, particle-in-cell calculations of fluid flows in two dimensions. J Comput Phys 65:314–343
Bulian CJ, Kerr TT, Pusyznski JA (2004) Ignition studies of aluminum and metal oxide nanopowders. In: Proceedings of the 31st international pyrotechnics seminar, Littleton, CO, USA, pp 327–338
Fickett W, Davis WC (1979) Detonation. University of California Press, Berkeley
Mehendale B, Shende RV, Subramanian S, Redner P, Kapoor D, Nicolich S, Gangopadhyay S (2006) Nanoenergetic composite of mesoporous iron oxide and aluminum nanoparticles. J Energy Mater 24:341–360
Miziolek AW (2002) Nanoenergetics: an emerging technology area of national importance. AMPTIAC Newsl 6:43–48
Pan XF, Xu A, Zhang G, Zhu J (2008) Generalized interpolation material point approach to high melting explosive with cavities under shock. J Phys D Appl Phys 41:015401
Perry WL, Smith BL, Bulian CJ, Busse JR, Macomber CS, Dye RC, Son SF (2004) Nano-scale tungsten oxides for metastable intermolecular composites. Propellants Explos Pyrotech 29:99–105
Plantier KB, Pantoya ML, Gash AE (2005) Combustion wave speeds of nanocomposites Al/Fe2O3. Combust Flame 140:299–309
Pusyznski JA, Bulian CJ, Swiatkiewicz JJ (2006) The effect of nanopowder attributes on reaction mechanism and ignition sentivity of nanothermites. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 896:147–158
Puszynski JA, Bulian CJ, Swiatkiewicz JJ (2007) Processing and ignition characteristics of aluminum-bismuth trioxide nanothermite system. J Propuls Power 23:698–706
Schoenitz M, Umbrajkar S, Dreizin EL (2007) Kinetic analysis of thermite reactions in Al–MoO3 nanocomposites. J Propuls Power 23:683–687
Shende R, Subramanian S, Hasan S, Apperson S, Thiruvengadathan R, Gangopadhyay K, Gangopadhyay S, Redner P, Kapoor D, Nicolich S, Balas W (2008) Nanoenergetic composites of CuO nanorods, nanowires, and Al-nanoparticles. Propellant Explos Pyrotech 33:122–130
Son SF, Hiskey HL, Asay BW, Busse JR, Jorgensen BS, Bockmon B, Pantoya M (2001) Reaction propagation physics of Al/MnO3 nanocomposite thermites. In: 28th International pyrotechnics seminar, Littleton, CO, USA, pp 833–842
Subramanian S, Hasan S, Bhattacharya S, Gao Y, Apperson S, Hossain M, Shende RV, Gangopadhyay S, Redner P, Kapoor D, Nicolich S (2006) Self-assembled ordered energetic composites of CuO nanorods and nanowells and Al nanoparticles with high burn rates. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 896:0896-H01-05
Sulsky D, Chen Z, Schreyer HL (1994) A particle method for history-dependent materials. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 118:179–196
Sulsky D, Zhou SJ, Schreyer HL (1995) Application of a particle-in-cell method to solid mechanics. Comput Phys Commun 87:236–252
van Wingerden K, Bjerketvedt D, Bakke JR (1999) Detonations in pipes and in the open. Available at http://www.safetynet.de/Publications/articles/CMRNov99.pdf
Wilson DE, Kim K (2005) Combustion of consolidated and confined metastable intermolecular composites. In: 43rd AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting, Reno, NV, USA, AIAA-2005-0275
York AR II, Sulsky D, Schreyer HL (2000) Fluid-membrane interaction based on the material point method. Int J Numer Methods Eng 48:901–924
Acknowledgments
This study was partially supported by the US Army ARDEC and the US National Science Foundation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gan, Y., Chen, Z., Gangopadhyay, K. et al. An equation of state for the detonation product of copper oxide/aluminum nanothermite composites. J Nanopart Res 12, 719–726 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-9872-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-010-9872-y