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A Turtle Shell based RDH scheme with two-dimensional histogram shifting

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Abstract

A turtle shell (TS) based reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme with two-dimensional histogram shifting (HS) is proposed. The proposed scheme extends the embeddable set from a peak point in HS scheme to a two-dimensional region, so as to improve the embedding capacity (EC). Firstly, a threshold T is used to divide the pixel-pairs into three groups: left-shifting set without embedding (LSS), right-shifting set without embedding (RSS), and embeddable set (ES). Secondly, pixel-pairs in sets LSS and RSS are shifted outward to vacate room for embedding. Lastly, secret data are embedded into pixel-pairs in set ES. After that, the embedded data can be extracted accurately and the cover image can be recovered losslessly. Furthermore, various requirements of EC can be obtained by adjusting the threshold T. Experimental results verify that this paper can achieve a higher EC than the existing pairwise based schemes while maintaining an acceptable image quality.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China under Grant 61503316, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant 2018 J01572 and Open Fund of Engineering Research Center for Software Testing and Evaluation of Fujian Province.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Research Center for Software Testing and Evaluation of Fujian Province, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China

    Xiao-Zhu Xie

  2. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan

    Xiao-Zhu Xie & Chin-Chen Chang

  3. Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan

    Chia-Chen Lin

  4. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan

    Jia-Long Lin

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  1. Xiao-Zhu Xie
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  2. Chin-Chen Chang
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  4. Jia-Long Lin
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Correspondence to Chia-Chen Lin.

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Xie, XZ., Chang, CC., Lin, CC. et al. A Turtle Shell based RDH scheme with two-dimensional histogram shifting. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 19413–19436 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-7098-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-7098-7

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