Imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains

Multimedia Tools and Applications volume 77, pages30251–30267(2018)Cite this article

Abstract

A novel imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains is presented, where the cover image is dealt with by discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete fractional random transform (DFRNT), while the watermark image is scrambled by Arnold transform and logistic map. First the watermark is scrambled by the Arnold transform, then the row and the column of the resulting watermark are scrambled by the Logistic map, respectively. In addition, four sub-band images are generated from the host image by the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. The low-frequency sub-band images are divided into 8 × 8 small matrices, and a coefficient matrix is produced by performing the discrete cosine transform on each matrix. An intermediate matrix with the same size as the watermark image is constructed by the intermediate frequency coefficients. Then the discrete fractional random transformation is performed on the intermediate frequency coefficient matrix and the scrambled watermark is embedded into the discrete fractional random transformation domain. Compared with the previous schemes, the proposed digital watermarking scheme has stronger imperceptibility and robustness.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61462061 and 61561033), the China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201606825042), the Department of Human Resources and Social security of Jiangxi Province, the Major Academic Discipline and Technical Leader of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. 20162BCB22011), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. 20171BAB202002).

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Information Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China

    Nan Run Zhou & Wei Ming Xia Hou

  2. College of Physical Science and Technology, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China

    Ru Hong Wen

  3. XLIM (UMR CNRS 7252) University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

    Wei Ping Zou

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  1. Nan Run Zhou
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  2. Wei Ming Xia Hou
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  3. Ru Hong Wen
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  4. Wei Ping Zou
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Correspondence to Nan Run Zhou.

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Cite this article

Zhou, N.R., Hou, W.M.X., Wen, R.H. et al. Imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 30251–30267 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6128-9

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Keywords

  • Digital watermarking
  • Transform domain
  • Watermark scrambling
  • Robustness
  • Imperceptibility