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, Volume 77, Issue 20, pp 27231–27267 | Cite as

Training deep neural networks with non-uniform frame-level cost function for automatic speech recognition

  • Aldonso Becerra
  • J. Ismael de la Rosa
  • Efrén González
  • A. David Pedroza
  • N. Iracemi Escalante
Article
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to exhibit two new variations of the frame-level cost function for training a deep neural network in order to achieve better word error rates in speech recognition. Optimization methods and their minimization functions are underlying aspects to consider when someone is working on neural nets, and hence their improvement is one of the salient objectives of researchers, and this paper deals in part with such a situation. The first proposed framework is based on the concept of extropy, the complementary dual function of an uncertainty measure. The conventional cross-entropy function can be mapped to a non-uniform loss function based on its corresponding extropy, enhancing the frames that have ambiguity in their belonging to specific senones. The second proposal makes a fusion of the presented mapped cross-entropy function and the idea of boosted cross-entropy, which emphasizes those frames with low target posterior probability. The proposed approaches have been performed by using a personalized mid-vocabulary speaker-independent voice corpus. This dataset is employed for recognition of digit strings and personal name lists in Spanish from the northern central part of Mexico on a connected-words phone dialing task. A relative word error rate improvement of \(12.3\%\) and \(10.7\%\) is obtained with the two proposed approaches, respectively, with regard to the conventional well-established cross-entropy objective function.

Keywords

Speech recognition Neural networks Deep learning Cross-entropy Extropy Frame-level loss function 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The first author acknowledge all support given by the Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ) during the years 2014-2017 to realize his PhD academic formation. Additional acknowledgements for the support given by CONACyT during his stay of postgraduate studies.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Unidad Académica de Ingeniería EléctricaUniversidad Autónoma de ZacatecasZacatecasMéxico
  2. 2.Department of Basic SciencesInstituto Tecnológico de Pabellón de ArteagaPabellón de ArteagaMéxico

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