Robust hybrid watermarking techniques for different color imaging systems
- 313 Downloads
Abstract
Digital watermarking is an efficient and promising mechanism for protecting the copyright of the transmitted multimedia information. Thus, this paper presents two robust hybrid color image watermarking techniques. The objective of the proposed watermarking techniques is to increase the immunity of the watermarked color images against attacks and to achieve adequate perceptual quality. The first proposed hybrid technique is the homomorphic transform based Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) domain. Firstly, the DWT is employed to divide an image into non-overlapping bands. Then, the reflectance components of the LL sub-bands are extracted using the homomorphic transform of each of the RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) color image components. After that, the watermark is embedded by applying the SVD on these reflectance components. The second proposed hybrid technique is the three-level Discrete Stationary Wavelet Transform (DSWT) in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain. In this technique, the RGB components of the host color image are separated, and then the DCT is applied on each separated color component. The three-level DSWT is employed to divide the DCT components into four sub-bands. These sub-bands are the A, H, V, and D matrices, which have the same host image size. The watermark image is then embedded into the determined matrix A. The two proposed hybrid watermarking techniques are compared with the current state-of-the-art techniques. This paper also presents a comparative study of the proposed techniques for different color imaging systems to determine their robustness and stability. The comparisons are based on the subjective visual results to detect any degradation in the watermarked image in addition to the objective results of the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the watermarked image, and the Normalized Correlation (NC) of the extracted watermark to test and evaluate the performance efficiency of the proposed watermarking techniques. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed hybrid watermarking techniques are both robust and have adequate immunity against different types of attacks compared to the traditional watermarking techniques. They achieve not only very good perceptual quality with appreciated PSNR values, but also high correlation coefficient values in the presence of different multimedia attacks.
Keywords
Image watermarking Homomorphic transform SVD DWT DSWT DCT Color imaging systemsReferences
- 1.Al-Afandy KA (2017) Utilization of watermarking techniques for securing digital images. MSc., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia UniversityGoogle Scholar
- 2.Ayesha K, Masilamani V (2015) rAn imperceptible digital image watermarking technique by compressed watermark using PCA. In: Advances in Intelligent Informatics. Cham, Springer, p 287–295Google Scholar
- 3.Benoraira A, Benmahammed K, Boucenna N (2015) EURASIP. J Adv Signal Process 2015:55. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-015-0239-5.
- 4.Chauhan S, Singh K, Kumar B, Saini P (2017) Quantization based multiple medical information watermarking for secure e-health. Multimed Tools Appl 1–13Google Scholar
- 5.George J, Varma S, Chatterjee M (2014) Color image watermarking using DWT-SVD and Arnold transform. In: Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). p 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/INDICON.2014.7030497
- 6.Gonge S, Ghatol A (2015) A robust and secure dwt-svd digital image watermarking using encrypted watermark for copyright protection of cheque image. In: International Symposium on Security in Computing and Communication. Cham, Springer, p 290–303Google Scholar
- 7.Huang N, Chen F, Lin C, Chen T, Hsu C (2015) Improving SVD-based image watermarking via block-by-block optimization on singular values. EURASIP J Image Video Process 2015(1):25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Jian G, Philippa J (2016) Image processing and gis for remote sensing techniques and applications. Book, Wiley BlackwellGoogle Scholar
- 9.Joshi M, Gupta S, Girdhar M, Agarwal P, Sarker R (2017) Combined DWT–DCT-based video watermarking algorithm using Arnold transform technique. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology. Singapore, Springer, p 455–463Google Scholar
- 10.Kuehni G, Schwarz A (2008) Color ordered: a survey of color systems from antiquity to the present. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
- 11.Laskar RH, Choudhury M, Chakraborty K, Chakraborty S (2011) A joint DWT-DCT based robust digital watermarking algorithm for ownership verification of digital images. In: Venugopal KR, Patnaik LM (eds) Computer networks and intelligent computing. Commun Comput Inf Sci, vol 157. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.Google Scholar
- 12.Luo T, Yu M, Jiang G, Wu A, Shao F, Peng Z (2012) Novel DCT-based blind stereo image watermarking algorithm. In: Zhang Y (ed) Future wireless networks and information systems. Lecture notes in electrical engineering future, vol 143. Springer, Berlin, HeidelbergGoogle Scholar
- 13.Mehto A, Mehra N (2016) Adaptive lossless medical image watermarking Algorithm based on DCT & DWT. Procedia Comp Sci 78:88–94Google Scholar
- 14.Mestha K, Dianat A (2009) Control of color imaging systems: analysis and design. CRC PressGoogle Scholar
- 15.Nayak D, Dash R, Majhi B (2016) Brain MR image classification using two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform and AdaBoost with random forests. Neurocomputing 177:188–197CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Nayak D, Dash R, Majhi B (2017) Stationary wavelet transform and adaboost with SVM based pathological brain detection in MRI scanning. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 16(2):137–149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Niu Y, Cui X, Li Q, Ding J (2016) A SVD-based color image watermark algorithm in DWT domain. In: Ouyang Y, Xu M, Yang L, Ouyang Y (eds) Advanced graphic communications, packaging technology and materials. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 369. Springer, SingaporeGoogle Scholar
- 18.Noor A, Ibraheem M, Hasan Z, Pramod K (2012) Understanding color models: a review. ARPN J Sci Technol 2(3):265–275Google Scholar
- 19.Om P, Ashish K (2015) CT and MR images fusion based on stationary wavelet transform by modulus maxima. Computational Vision and Robotics. Springer India 3(32):199–204Google Scholar
- 20.Pandey R, Singh K, Kumar B, Mohan A (2016) Iris based secure NROI multiple eye image watermarking for teleophthalmology. Multimed Tools Appl 75(22):14381–14397CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Saiful I, Uipil C (2015) Performance of a hybrid dct svd visually imperceptible digital watermarking against signal processing attacks. Comput Sci Appl, Springer Berlin Heidelberg 3(30):7–14Google Scholar
- 22.Shi Q, Kim J, Pérez-González F, Echizen I (2015) Digital-forensics and watermarking. Springer International PublishingGoogle Scholar
- 23.Singh D, Singh K (2017) DWT-SVD and DCT based robust and blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection. Multimed Tools Appl 76(11):13001–13024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3706-6
- 24.Singh K, Dave M, Mohan A (2014) Hybrid technique for robust and imperceptible image watermarking in DWT–DCT–SVD domain. Natl Acad Sci Lett 37(4):351–358CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Singh K, Dave M, Mohan A (2015) Robust and secure multiple watermarking in wavelet domain. J Med Imaging Health Inform 5(2):406–414CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Singh K, Kumar B, Dave M, Mohan A (2015) Multiple watermarking on medical images using selective discrete wavelet transform coefficients. J Med Imaging Health Inform 5(3):607–614CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.Singh K, Dave M, Mohan A (2015) Multilevel encrypted text watermarking on medical images using spread-spectrum in DWT domain. Wirel Pers Commun 83(3):2133–2215CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Singh K, Kumar B, Singh K, Ghrera P, Mohan A (2016) Multiple watermarking technique for securing online social network contents using Back Propagation Neural Network. Futur Gener Comput Syst. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.11.023
- 29.Singh K, Dave M, Mohan A (2016) Hybrid technique for robust and imperceptible multiple watermarking using medical images. Multimed Tools Appl 75(14):8381–8401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.Su Q (2017) Color image watermarking: algorithms and technologies. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, Tsinghua University PressGoogle Scholar
- 31.Su Q, Chen B (2017) Robust color image watermarking technique in the spatial domain. Soft Comput 1–16Google Scholar
- 32.Su Q, Wang G, Zhang X, Lv G, Chen B (2017) An improved color image watermarking algorithm based on QR decomposition. Multimed Tools Appl 76(1):707–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3071-x
- 33.Tao H, Chongmin L, Zain M, Abdalla N (2014) Robust image watermarking theories and techniques: a review. J Appl Res Technol 12(1):122–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1665-6423(14)71612-8
- 34.Thirunavukkarasu V, Kumar S, Chae S, Kishorkumar J (2018) Non-intrusive forensic detection method using DSWT with reduced feature set for copy-move image tampering. Wirel Pers Commun 98(4):3039–3057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3941-1
- 35.Xiang-guang G (2017) A robust zero-watermarking algorithm for spatial domain color images. Comput Eng Sci 1:014Google Scholar
- 36.Xie X, Livermore C (2016) A pivot-hinged, multilayer SU-8 micro motion amplifier assembled by a self-aligned approach. In: IEEE 29th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). p 75–78. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMSYS.2016.7421561
- 37.Xie X, Livermore C (2017) Passively self-aligned assembly of compact barrel hinges for high-performance, out-of-plane mems actuators. In: IEEE 30th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). p 813–816Google Scholar
- 38.Xie X, Zaitsev Y, Velásquez-García F, Teller J, Livermore C (2014) Scalable, MEMS-enabled, vibrational tactile actuators for high resolution tactile displays. J Micromech Microeng 24(12):125014CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 39.Xie X, Zaitsev Y, Velasquez-Garcia L, Teller S, Livermore C (2014) Compact, scalable, high-resolution, MEMS-enabled tactile displays. In: Proc. of Solid-State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop. p 127–30Google Scholar
- 40.Zear A, Singh K, Kumar P (2016) A proposed secure multiple watermarking technique based on DWT, DCT and SVD for application in medicine. Multimed Tools Appl 77(4):4863–4882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3862-8
- 41.Zear A, Singh K, Kumar P (2017) Robust watermarking technique using back propagation neural network: a security protection mechanism for social applications. Int J Inf Comput Secur 9(1/2):20–35Google Scholar
- 42.Zear A, Singh K, Kumar P (2018) Multiple watermarking for healthcare applications. J Intell Syst 27(1):5–18Google Scholar
- 43.Zhou Z, Chen S, Wang G (2015) A robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on DCT domain for copyright protection. In: International Symposium on Smart Graphics. Cham, Springer, p 132–142Google Scholar