Abstract
This paper proposes a reversible data hiding scheme with high capacity-distortion efficiency, which embeds data by expanding prediction-errors. Instead of using the MED predictor as did in other schemes, a predictor with context modeling, which refines prediction-errors through an error feedback mechanism, is adopted to work out prediction-errors. The context modeling can significantly sharpen the distribution of prediction-errors, and benefit the embedding capacity and the image quality. To expand prediction-errors, the proposed scheme utilizes a generalized expansion, which enables it to provide capacities larger than 1 bpp (bits per pixel) without resorting to multiple embedding. Besides, a novel boundary map is proposed to record overflow-potential pixels. The boundary map is much shorter compared with either a location map or an overflow map even though it is not compressed. The combination of the context modeling, the generalized expansion and the boundary map makes the overall scheme efficient in pursuing large embedding capacity and high image quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides competitive capacity compared with other state-of-the-art schemes when the image quality is kept at the same level.
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Notes
In this paper, we use overflow to represent both overflow and underflow as a simplification.
We are considering 8-bit grayscale images in this paper, i.e., pixel values are between 0 and 255.
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Development Program of China and Beihang University Graduate Innovation Fund. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments to improve the quality of the paper.
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Fan, W., Chen, Z., Chen, M. et al. Reversible data hiding with context modeling, generalized expansion and boundary map. Multimed Tools Appl 57, 477–499 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0641-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0641-9