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Fractal and neural networks based watermark identification

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Abstract

Transform techniques generally are more robust than spatial techniques for watermark embedding. In this paper, a color image watermarking algorithm based on fractal and neural networks in Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) domain is proposed. We apply fractal image coding technique to obtain the characteristic data of a gray-level image watermark signal and encrypt the characteristic data by a symmetric encryption before they are embedded. We then use neural networks and Human Visual System (HVS) to embed the watermark in the DCT domain. A Just Noticeable Difference (JND) threshold controller is designed to ensure the strength of the embedded data adapting to the host image itself entirely. Aiming at misjudging problem of the extracting process, maximum membership principle criterion is selected for identifying the watermark. And the CIELab color space is chosen to guarantee the stability of the results. The simulation results show that the algorithm is robust for common digital image processing methods as attacks and that the quality of the image is retained.

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Acknowledgment

This research is supported in part by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2007AA01Z324, in part by Natural Science Foundation of Shaan Xi Educational Committee under Grant 08JK319. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the foundations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China

    Li Mao, Yang-Yu Fan & Guo-Yun Lv

  2. School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi’AN University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an, China

    Li Mao & Hui-Qin Wang

Authors
  1. Li Mao
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  2. Yang-Yu Fan
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  3. Hui-Qin Wang
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  4. Guo-Yun Lv
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li Mao.

Additional information

This work is partially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2007AA01Z324, the Natural Science Foundation of Shaan Xi Educational Committee under Grant 08JK319.

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Mao, L., Fan, YY., Wang, HQ. et al. Fractal and neural networks based watermark identification. Multimed Tools Appl 52, 201–219 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0467-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0467-5

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