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Methods for image authentication: a survey

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Abstract

Image authentication techniques have recently gained great attention due to its importance for a large number of multimedia applications. Digital images are increasingly transmitted over non-secure channels such as the Internet. Therefore, military, medical and quality control images must be protected against attempts to manipulate them; such manipulations could tamper the decisions based on these images. To protect the authenticity of multimedia images, several approaches have been proposed. These approaches include conventional cryptography, fragile and semi-fragile watermarking and digital signatures that are based on the image content. The aim of this paper is to present a survey and a comparison of emerging techniques for image authentication. Methods are classified according to the service they provide, that is strict or selective authentication, tamper detection, localization and reconstruction capabilities and robustness against different desired image processing operations. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of image content and discuss the most important requirements for an effective image authentication system design. Different algorithms are described and we focus on their comparison according to the properties cited above.

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  1. Electrical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 1K3

    Adil Haouzia & Rita Noumeir

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  1. Adil Haouzia
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Correspondence to Rita Noumeir.

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Haouzia, A., Noumeir, R. Methods for image authentication: a survey. Multimed Tools Appl 39, 1–46 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-007-0154-3

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