A numerical three-dimensional model for computing residual stresses generated in cross section of steel 42CrMo4 after nitriding is presented. The diffusion process is analyzed by the finite-element method. The internal stresses are computed using the obtained profile of the distribution of the nitrogen concentration. The special features of the intricate geometry of the treated articles including edges and angles are considered. Comparative analysis of the results of the simulation and of the experimental measurement of residual stresses is performed by the Waisman–Philips method.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
E. Brinksmeiera, J. Cammettb, W, Konigc et al., “Residual stresses – measurement and causes in machining processes,” CIRP Annals – Manuf. Technol., 31(2), 491 – 510 (1982).
J. L. Christopher and D. A. Lados, “Effect of processing residual stresses on fatigue crack growth behavior of structural materials: Experimental approaches and microstructural mechanisms,” Metall. Mater. Trans., 43A(1), 87 – 107 (2012).
G. A. Webster, “Role of residual stresses in engineering applications,” Mater. Sci. Forum, 347 – 349, 1 – 11 (2000).
J. Sawicki, M. Gorecki, Ł. Kaczmarek, et al., “Increasing the durability of pressure dies by modern surface treatment methods,” Chiang Mai J. Sci., 40(5), 886 – 897 (2013).
J. Sawicki, M. Dudek, L. Kaczmarek, et al., “Numerical analysis of thermal stresses in carbon films obtained by RF PECVP method on surface of cannulated screw,” Arch. Metall. Mater., 58(1), 77 – 81 (2013).
R. Mukai, T. Matsumoto, D. Ju, et al., “Modeling of numerical simulation and experimental verification for carburizing-nitriding quenching process,” Trans. Nonfer. Met. Soc. China, 16, Suppl. 2, 566 – 671 (2006).
S. Lee, D. K. Matlock, and C. J. Van Tyne, “Comparison of two finite element simulation codes used to model the carburizing of steel,” Comput. Mater. Sci., 68, 47 – 54 (2013).
S. Naidoo Lingamanaik, B. K. Chen, and P. Palanisamy, “Finite element analysis on the formation and distribution of residual stresses during quenching of low carbon bainitic-martensitic large gears,” Comput. Mater. Sci., 79, 627 – 633 (2013).
R. M. Nejad, “Using three-dimensional finite element analysis for simulation of residual stresses in railway wheels,” Eng. Failure Anal., 45, 449 – 455 (2014).
V. Leskovsek, B. Podgornik, and D. Nolan, “Modeling of residual stress profiles in plasma nitrided tool steel,” Mater. Charact., 59, 454 – 461 (2008).
A. Da Silva Rocha, T. Strohaecker, V. Tomala, and T. Hirsch, “Microstructure and residual stresses of a plasma-nitrided M2 tool steel,” Surf. Coat. Technol., 115, 24 – 31 (1999).
S. S. Akhtar, A. F. M. Arif, and B. S. Yilbas, “Influence of multiple nitriding on the case hardening of H13 tool model: Experimental and numerical investigation,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 58(1 – 4), 7 – 70 (2012).
M. Yang and R. D. Sisson Jr, “Modeling the nitriding process of steels,” Adv. Mater. Proc., 170(7), 33 – 36 (2012).
M. Yang, C. Zimmerman, D. Donahue, and R. D. Sisson Jr, “Modeling the gas nitriding process of low alloy steels,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 22(7), 1892 – 1898 (2013).
S. M. Hassani-Gangaraj and M. Guagliano, “Microstructural evolution during nitriding, finite element simulation and experimental assessment,” Appl. Surf. Sci., 271, 156 – 163 (2013).
P. Cavaliere, G. Zavarise, and M. Perillo, “Modeling of the carburizing and nitriding processes,” Comp. Mater. Sci., 46(1), 26 – 35 (2009).
P. Buchhagen and T. Bell, “Simulation of the residual stress development in the diffusion layer of low alloy plasma nitrided steels,” Comp. Mater. Sci., 7(1 – 2), 228 – 234 (1996).
P. Depouhon, J. M. Sprauel, M. Mailhé, and E. Mermoz, “Mathematical modeling of residual stresses and distortions induced by gas nitriding of 32CrMoV13 steel,” Comp. Mater. Sci., 82, 178 – 190 (2014).
P. Depouhon, J. M. Sprauel, and E. Mermoz, “Prediction of residual stresses and distortions induced by nitriding of complex 3D industrial parts,” CIRP Annals – Manuf. Technol., 64(1), 553 – 556 (2015).
J. W. Waisman and A. Phillips, “Experiential stress analysis,” Proc. Soc., XI(2), 102 – 105 (1952).
J. Ratajski and T. Suszko, “Modeling of the nitriding process,” J. Mater. Proc. Technol., 195, 212 – 217 (2008).
Y. Z. Shen, K. H. Oh, and D. N. Lee, “Nitrogen strengthening of interstitial-free steel by nitriding in potassium nitrate salt bath,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A434, 314 – 318 (2006).
P. Kula, E. Wolowiec, R. Pietrasik, et al., “Non-steady state approach to the vacuum nitriding of tools,” Vacuum, 88, 1 – 7 (2013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 57 – 61, December, 2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sawicki, J., Siedlaczek, P. & Staszczyk, A. Finite-Element Analysis of Residual Stresses Generated Under Nitriding Process: a Three-Dimensional Model. Met Sci Heat Treat 59, 799–804 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-018-0229-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-018-0229-y