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Energy Efficient Networking with IEEE 802.16m Femtocell Low Duty Mode

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Abstract

Femtocell technology has become a radical approach to improve network capacity and coverage. Because femtocells can use the same frequency bands as the cellular network, the cochannel interference is a critical issue in femto networks. To efficiently reduce interference between femto BS and other BSs, low duty mode (LDM) operation has been developed. In this work, we construct a mechanism integrating the LDM in femto BS and sleep mode in MSs to achieve higher power-saving efficiency. On the basis of the IEEE 802.16m system architecture, we build a practical system model and analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulation result shows that with simple modification of sleep-cycle operation, the proposed mechanism can reduce the power consumption in femtocells. With the above characteristics, the proposed mechanism provides a solid basis for energy efficient femtocells.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Science Council, National Taiwan University and Intel Corporation under Grants NSC99-2911-I-002-001, NSC 100-2911-I-002-001, and 10R70501.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Ching-Chun Kuan

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Guan-Yu Lin

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, Intel-NTU Connected Context Computing Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

    Hung-Yu Wei

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  1. Ching-Chun Kuan
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  2. Guan-Yu Lin
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Correspondence to Hung-Yu Wei.

Appendix

Appendix

We derive the steady state probability of the 15-states Markov Chain as shown in Fig. 5. The size of minimum sleep cycle size is 1 frame, and the size of maximum sleep cycle size is 8 frames. For notational convenience, we use p to represent e  − λ .

$$ \pi_{1,1}=\frac{p^{18}-2p^{17}+p^{16}-p^{14}+2p^{13}+p^{12}-3p^{11}+p^9+p^6-2p^5-p^4+3p^3-p^2+p-1}{-4p^{20}+7p^{19}+3p^{18}-10p^{17}+8p^{16}-3p^{15}-17p^{14}+30p^{13}-p^{12}-22p^{11}+4p^{10}+4p^9+2p^8+18p^6-30p^5+6p^4+12p^3-4p^2+4p-8} $$
$$ \pi_{1,2}=\frac{- p^{20} + p^{19} + p^{18} - p^{17} + p^{16} - 3p^{14} + 3p^{13} + 2p^{12} - 3p^{11} + 3p^6 - 3p^5 - p^4 + 2p^3 - p^2 + p - 1}{-4p^{20}+7p^{19}+3p^{18}-10p^{17}+8p^{16}-3p^{15}-17p^{14}+30p^{13}-p^{12}-22p^{11}+4p^{10}+4p^9+2p^8+18p^6-30p^5+6p^4+12p^3-4p^2+4p-8} $$
$$ \pi_{1,4}=\frac{-p^{16} + p^{15} - p^{14} + 2p^{13} + p^{12} - 3p^{11} + p^{10} - p^9 + 2p^8 - p^7 + p^6 - 2p^5 - p^4 + 3p^3 - p^2 + p - 1}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{1,6}=\frac{p^{18} - p^{17} + p^{16} - p^{15} - 3p^{14} + 3p^{13} + p^{12} - 2p^{11} + p^7 + 3p^6 - 3p^5 - p^4 + 2p^3 - p^2 + p - 1}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{2,1}=\frac{ p^{16} - 2p^{15} + 2p^{13} - 3p^{12} + 2p^{11} - p^{10} + p^9 - p^8 + 2p^7 - 2p^5 + 3p^4 - 2p^3 + p^2 - p}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{2,2}=\frac{p^{19} - 2p^{18} + p^{17} - p^{15} + 2p^{14} + p^{13} - 3p^{12} + p^{10} + p^7 - 2p^6 - p^5 + 3p^4 - p^3 + p^2 - p}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{2,3}=\frac{-p^{20} + 2p^{19} - p^{18} + 2p^{16} - 2p^{15} + 2p^{13} - 2p^{12} + p^9 - 2p^8 + 2p^7 - 2p^5 + 3p^4 - 2p^3 + p^2 - p}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{2,4}=\frac{-p^{17} + p^{16} - p^{15} + 2p^{14} + p^{13} - 3p^{12} + p^{11} - p^{10} + 2p^9 - p^8 + p^7 - 2p^6 - p^5 + 3p^4 - p^3 + p^2 - p}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{3,1}=\frac{-p^{20} + 2p^{19} - p^{18} - p^{16} + 3p^{15} - 3p^{14} + 2p^{13} - p^{11} + p^{10} + p^8 - 3p^7 + 3p^6 - 2p^5 + p^4 - p^3}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{3,2}=\frac{ p^{18} - 2p^{17} + 2p^{15} - 3p^{14} + 2p^{13} - p^{12} + p^{11} - p^{10} + 2p^9 - 2p^7 + 3p^6 - 2p^5 + p^4 - p^3}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{4,1}=\frac{p^{16} - 2p^{15} + p^{14} + p^{12} - 3p^{11} + 3p^{10} - 2p^9 + p^8 - p^7}{- 4p^{20} + 7p^{19} + 3p^{18} - 10p^{17} + 8p^{16} - 3p^{15} - 17p^{14} + 30p^{13} - p^{12} - 22p^{11} + 4p^{10} + 4p^9 + 2p^8 + 18p^6 - 30p^5 + 6p^4 + 12p^3 - 4p^2 + 4p - 8} $$
$$ \pi_{1,3}=\pi_{1.2}, \pi_{1,5}=\pi_{1,4}, \pi_{1,7}=\pi_{1,6}, \pi_{1,8}=\pi_{1.1} $$

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Kuan, CC., Lin, GY. & Wei, HY. Energy Efficient Networking with IEEE 802.16m Femtocell Low Duty Mode. Mobile Netw Appl 17, 674–684 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-012-0390-2

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