Skip to main content
Log in

Potential Cognitive Radio Denial-of-Service Vulnerabilities and Protection Countermeasures: a Multi-dimensional Analysis and Assessment

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cognitive radios sense spectrum activity and apply spectrum policies in order to make decisions on when and in what bands they may communicate. These activities go beyond what is done when traditional radios communicate. This paper examines the denial of service vulnerabilities that are opened by these additional activities and explores potential protection remedies that can be applied. An analysis of how vulnerable are victim cognitive radios to potential denial of service attacks is presented along different axis, namely the network architecture employed, the spectrum access technique used and the spectrum awareness model. The goal is to assist cognitive radio designers to incorporate effective security measures now in the early stages of cognitive radio development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. But, an attacker that is close enough or has a powerful enough transmitter can always detect or attack a spread spectrum signal.

  2. Of course, a part of the policy is its geographic application area and other requirements so that inappropriate policies would not be arbitrarily applied.

References

  1. Akyildiz IF, Lee WY, Vuran MC, Mohanty S (2006) NeXt generation dynamic spectrum access cognitive radio wireless networks: a survey. Comput Networks 50:2127–2159

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Barbeau M (2005) WiMax/802.16 threat analysis. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on quality of service & security in wireless and mobile networks, Quebec, Canada

  3. Brown TX (2005) An analysis of licensed channel avoidance strategies for unlicensed devices. In: Proceedings of IEEE DySPAN, Nov. 8–11

  4. Brown TX, James JE, Sethi A (2006) Jamming and sensing of encrypted wireless ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the seventh ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing (MobiHoc), Florence, 22–25 May

  5. Brown TX, Sethi A (2007) Potential cognitive radio denial of service attacks and remedies. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on advanced radio technologies 2007 (ISART 2007), Boulder, 26–28 Feb

  6. Brown TX, Sethi A (2007) Potential cognitive radio denial-of-service vulnerabilities and protection countermeasures: a multi-dimensional analysis and assessment. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on cognitive radio oriented wireless networks and communications 2007 (CrownCom 2007), Orlando, 31 July–3 Aug

  7. Brown TX, Sicker D (2007) Can cognitive radio support broadband wireless access? In: Proceedings of the IEEE DySPAN, April 17–20

  8. Chapin JM, Lehr WH (2007) Time-limited leases for innovative radios. In Proceedings of the IEEE DySPAN, April 17–20

  9. DARPA XG Working Group (2003) “The XG vision,” Request for comments, version 1.0, Prepared by BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Mass., USA. July

  10. DARPA XG Working Group (2003) “The XG architectural framework,” Request for comments, version 1.0, Prepared by BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Mass., USA. July

  11. End-to-End Reconfigurability (E2R) Phase II website (e2r2.motlabs.com)

  12. ETSI (2003) Telecommunications and internet protocol harmonization over networks (TIPHON) release 4; part I: threat analysis. Technical specification ETSI TS 102 165-1 V4.1.1

  13. FCC ET Docket No. 02-135, “Spectrum policy task force report,” Nov. 2002. (http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-228542A1.pdf)

  14. FCC ET Docket No. 03-108, “Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies,” FCC Report and Order adopted on March 10, 2005, (http://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/prod/ecfs/retrieve.cgi?native_or_pdf=pdf&id_document=6517509341)

  15. FCC ET Docket No. 04-186, “Unlicensed operation in the TV broadcast bands,” ET Docket No. 02-380, “Additional spectrum for unlicensed devices below 900 mhz and in the 3 ghz band,” FCC report and order and further notice of proposed rulemaking, adopted on October12, 2006

  16. Heusse M, Rousseau F, Berger-Sabbatel G, Duda A (2003) Performance anomaly of 802.11b. In: Proceedings of the INFOCOM 2003, v. 2, 30 Mar.–3 Apr. 2003, pp 836–843

  17. Householder A, Manion A, Pesante L, Weaver GM (2001) Managing the threat of denial-of-service attacks. CERT Coordination Center, v10.0, October

  18. Hubaux J, Buttyán L, Čapkun S (2001) The quest for security in mobile ad hoc networks. In: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing (MobiHOC), New York, NY

  19. IEEE 802.22 Working Group on Wireless Regional Area Networks, (http://www.ieee802.org/22/)

  20. Ma L, Han X, Shen C-C (2005) Dynamic open spectrum sharing MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc network. In: Proceedings of the IEEE DySpan, Nov. 8–11, pp 203–213

  21. Mathur CN, Subbalakshmi KP (2007) Security issues in cognitive radio networks. In: Cognitive networks: towards self-aware networks, July

  22. Menon R, Buehrer RM, Reed JH (2005) Outage probability based comparison of underlay and overlay spectrum sharing techniques. In: Proceedings of the IEEE DySpan, Nov. 8–11, pp 101–109

  23. Newsome J, Shi E, Song D, Perrig A (2004) The Sybil attack in sensor networks: analysis & defenses. In: Proceedings of third international symposium on information processing in sensor networks, IPSN, 26–27 Apr., pp 259–268

  24. Pilosof S, Ramjee R, Raz D, Shavitt Y, Sinha P (2003) Understanding TCP fairness over a wireless LAN. In: Proceedings of the INFOCOM 2003 v. 2, 30 Mar.–3 Apr., pp 863–872

  25. Sankaranarayanan S, Papadimitratos P, Mishra A, Hershey S (2005) A bandwidth sharing approach to improve licensed spectrum utilization. In Proceedings of the IEEE DySPAN, Nov. 8–11, pp 279–288

  26. Shirey R (2000) RFC 2828: internet security glossary. IETF, May

  27. Stallings W (2006) Network security essentials: applications and standards, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, p 432

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ståhlberg M (2000) Radio jamming attacks against two popular mobile networks. In: Lipmaa H, Pehu-Lehtonen H, (eds) Helsinki University of Technology, Helsinki

  29. Volpe JA (2001) Vulnerability assessment of the transportation infrastructure relying on the Global Positioning System. Final report for the National Transportation Systems Center, US Department of Transportation, Aug. 29 (http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/gps/geninfo/pressrelease.htm)

  30. Wenyuan X, Wade T, Yanyong Z, Timothy W (2005) The feasibility of launching and detecting jamming attacks in wireless networks. In: Proceedings of ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing, Illinois, pp 46–57

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Timothy X Brown.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brown, T.X., Sethi, A. Potential Cognitive Radio Denial-of-Service Vulnerabilities and Protection Countermeasures: a Multi-dimensional Analysis and Assessment. Mobile Netw Appl 13, 516–532 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-008-0085-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-008-0085-x

Keywords

Navigation