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Recent findings on the role of microRNAs in genetic kidney diseases

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Abstract

Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, endogenous, single-stranded, small (21–25 nucleotides) RNAs. Various target genes at the post-transcriptional stage are modulated by miRNAs that are involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes such as embryonic development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolic homeostasis. Abnormal miRNA expression is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of multiple common human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, hepatitis, and metabolic diseases.

Methods and results

Various signaling pathways including transforming growth factor-β, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling pathways have also been characterized to play an essential role in kidney diseases. Most importantly, miRNA-targeted pharmaceutical manipulation has represented a promising new therapeutic approach against kidney diseases. Furthermore, miRNAs such as miR-30e-5p, miR-98-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-194-5p, and miR-192-5p may be potentially employed as biomarkers for various human kidney diseases.

Conclusions

A significant correlation has also been found between some miRNAs and the clinical markers of renal function like baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Classification of miRNAs in different genetic renal disorders may promote discoveries in developing innovative therapeutic interventions and treatment tools. Herein, the recent advances in miRNAs associated with renal pathogenesis, emphasizing genetic kidney diseases and development, have been summarized.

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Abbreviations

DGCR8:

DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8

AGO2:

Argonaute 2

TRBP:

TAR RNA-binding protein 2

C-P4H:

Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase

pri-miRNA:

Primary miRNA

pre-miRNA:

Precursor miRNA

ERK1:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1

MAPKAPK2:

MAPK-activated protein kinase 2

GSK3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β

Ud:

Uridylation

CHD1L :

Chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA binding protein 1-like gene

CAKUT:

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

Dgcr8:

DiGeorge syndrome critical region 8

PKD:

Polycystic kidney disease

eGFR:

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

SRF:

Serum response factor

SMAD:

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog

SOCS:

Suppressor of cytokine signaling

CDKN1A:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1

PAKs:

P21-activated kinases

SOD1:

Superoxide dismutase type 1

APOE:

Apolipoprotein E

PPARα:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

TLR2:

Toll-like receptor 2

KLF12:

Kruppel Like Factor 12

HMGA2:

High Mobility Group AT-Hook 2

CCN2:

Cellular Communication Network Factor 2

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10

ACTA2:

Actin Alpha 2

COL4:

Collagen IV

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Acknowledgements

This research received no specific grants from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Hereby, the authors would like to thank Ms. A. Keivanshekouh at the Research Consultation Center (RCC) of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences for her invaluable assistance in editing the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Hassan Askari, Hassan Akrami, Leila Rahmati & Ali Reza Safarpour

  2. Applied Physiology Research Center, Qom Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

    Ehsan Raeis-Abdollahi

  3. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Qom Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran

    Ehsan Raeis-Abdollahi

  4. Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Foad Abazari

  5. Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Sina Vakili & Amir Savardashtaki

  6. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Amir Savardashtaki

  7. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Amir Tajbakhsh

  8. Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Nima Sanadgol

  9. Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Asaad Azarnezhad

  10. Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Payman Raise Abdullahi

  11. Department of Biology, Varamin Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pishva, Varamin, Iran

    Shohreh Zare Karizi

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  1. Hassan Askari
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  12. Shohreh Zare Karizi
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  13. Ali Reza Safarpour
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Contributions

HA, AT, SZK, ER-A, AS, PRA, LR, AA, and MFA drafted the manuscript. HA and NS presented the idea. SV and NS performed the literature search and prepared the figures. MFA, HA, and ARS edited the manuscript. HA supervised the whole study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shohreh Zare Karizi or Ali Reza Safarpour.

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Askari, H., Raeis-Abdollahi, E., Abazari, M.F. et al. Recent findings on the role of microRNAs in genetic kidney diseases. Mol Biol Rep 49, 7039–7056 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-022-07620-w

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