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Royal jelly mitigates cadmium-induced neuronal damage in mouse cortex

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of royal jelly (RJ) against Cd-induced neuronal damage. Twenty-eight adult mice were placed equally into four groups. The control group received intraperitoneal (IP) injections of normal saline; the cadmium chloride (CdCl2) group was IP-injected 6.5 mg/kg (mg per kg of bodyweight) CdCl2; the RJ group was gavaged 85 mg/kg RJ; and the RJ + CdCl2 group was orally administered 85 mg/kg RJ 2 h before receiving IP-injections of 6.5 mg/kg CdCl2. All groups were treated for seven consecutive days and the mice were decapitated 24 h after the final dose. Cd accumulation was recorded in the cortical homogenates, accompanied by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and the pro-apoptotic mRNA Bax and caspase-3. Meanwhile, significantly decreased levels of detoxifying antioxidant enzymes including GSH-Px, GSH-R, SOD, and CAT, anti-apoptotic mRNA Bcl-2, and monoamines such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin were also observed, along with reduced gene expression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidants. Interestingly, in mice pretreated with RJ, the assessed parameters remained near normal levels. Our data provide evidence that RJ treatment has the potential to protect cortical neurons in Cd-intoxicated mice via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuromodulatory activity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding of this research through the research Group Project No. RGP-180.

Funding

This research was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University. Research Project No. RGP-180.

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Author notes

  1. Rafa S. Almeera, Rami B. Kassabb, and Ahmed E. Abdel Moneimb have contributed equally to this work.

  2. Gadah I. AlBashera, Saud Alarifia, Saad Alkahtania, and Daoud Alia have also contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rafa S. Almeer, Gadah I. AlBasher, Saud Alarifi, Saad Alkahtani & Daoud Ali

  2. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

    Rami B. Kassab & Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim

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  1. Rafa S. Almeer
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Almeer, R.S., Kassab, R.B., AlBasher, G.I. et al. Royal jelly mitigates cadmium-induced neuronal damage in mouse cortex. Mol Biol Rep 46, 119–131 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4451-x

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