Skip to main content

Yeast Nkp2 is required for accurate chromosome segregation and interacts with several components of the central kinetochore

Molecular Biology Reports volume 41, pages 787–797 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Kinetochores are macromolecular proteinaceous assemblies that are assembled on centromeres and attach chromosomes to the spindle fibres and regulate the accurate transmission of genetic material to daughter cells. Multiple protein sub-complexes within this supramolecular assembly are hierarchically assembled and contribute to the different aspects of kinetochore function. In this work we show that one of the components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore, Nkp2, plays an important role in ensuring accurate segregation of chromosomes. Although this protein is not conserved in higher organisms, we show that it interacts with highly conserved components of the kinetochore genetically and regulates chromosome segregation. We show that in kinetochore mutants like ctf19 and mcm21 the protein is mislocalized. Furthermore, removal of Nkp2 in these mutants restores normal levels of segregation.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

References

  1. DePinho RA (2000) The age of cancer. Nature 408(6809):248–254

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Westermann S, Cheeseman IM, Anderson S, Yates JR 3rd, Drubin DG, Barnes G (2003) Architecture of the budding yeast kinetochore reveals a conserved molecular core. J Cell Biol 163(2):215–222

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Furuyama S, Biggins S (2007) Centromere identity is specified by a single centromeric nucleosome in budding yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(37):14706–14711

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. De Wulf P, McAinsh AD, Sorger PK (2003) Hierarchical assembly of the budding yeast kinetochore from multiple subcomplexes. Genes Dev 17(23):2902–2921

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheeseman IM, Anderson S, Jwa M, Green EM, Kang J, Yates JR 3rd, Chan CS, Drubin DG, Barnes G (2002) Phospho-regulation of kinetochore–microtubule attachments by the Aurora kinase Ipl1p. Cell 111(2):163–172

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. McCleland ML, Gardner RD, Kallio MJ, Daum JR, Gorbsky GJ, Burke DJ, Stukenberg PT (2003) The highly conserved Ndc80 complex is required for kinetochore assembly, chromosome congression, and spindle checkpoint activity. Genes Dev 17(1):101–114

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Kitagawa K, Hieter P (2001) Evolutionary conservation between budding yeast and human kinetochores. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2(9):678–687

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Meraldi P, McAinsh AD, Rheinbay E, Sorger PK (2006) Phylogenetic and structural analysis of centromeric DNA and kinetochore proteins. Genome Biol 7(3):R23

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Akiyoshi B, Sarangapani KK, Powers AF, Nelson CR, Reichow SL, Arellano-Santoyo H, Gonen T, Ranish JA, Asbury CL, Biggins S (2010) Tension directly stabilizes reconstituted kinetochore–microtubule attachments. Nature 468(7323):576–579

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Cheeseman IM, Enquist-Newman M, Muller-Reichert T, Drubin DG, Barnes G (2001) Mitotic spindle integrity and kinetochore function linked by the Duo1p/Dam1p complex. J Cell Biol 152(1):197–212

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Janke C, Ortiz J, Lechner J, Shevchenko A, Magiera MM, Schramm C, Schiebel E (2001) The budding yeast proteins Spc24p and Spc25p interact with Ndc80p and Nuf2p at the kinetochore and are important for kinetochore clustering and checkpoint control. EMBO J 20(4):777–791

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Janke C, Ortiz J, Tanaka TU, Lechner J, Schiebel E (2002) Four new subunits of the Dam1-Duo1 complex reveal novel functions in sister kinetochore biorientation. EMBO J 21(1–2):181–193

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Li Y, Bachant J, Alcasabas AA, Wang Y, Qin J, Elledge SJ (2002) The mitotic spindle is required for loading of the DASH complex onto the kinetochore. Genes Dev 16(2):183–197

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Joglekar AP, Bloom K, Salmon ED (2009) In vivo protein architecture of the eukaryotic kinetochore with nanometer scale accuracy. Curr Biol 19(8):694–699

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Santaguida S, Musacchio A (2009) The life and miracles of kinetochores. EMBO J 28(17):2511–2531

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Cheeseman IM, Chappie JS, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Desai A (2006) The conserved KMN network constitutes the core microtubule-binding site of the kinetochore. Cell 127(5):983–997

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Wei RR, Al-Bassam J, Harrison SC (2007) The Ndc80/HEC1 complex is a contact point for kinetochore–microtubule attachment. Nat Struct Mol Biol 14(1):54–59

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wei RR, Sorger PK, Harrison SC (2005) Molecular organization of the Ndc80 complex, an essential kinetochore component. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(15):5363–5367

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Tien JF, Umbreit NT, Gestaut DR, Franck AD, Cooper J, Wordeman L, Gonen T, Asbury CL, Davis TN (2010) Cooperation of the Dam1 and Ndc80 kinetochore complexes enhances microtubule coupling and is regulated by aurora B. J Cell Biol 189(4):713–723

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Lampert F, Hornung P, Westermann S (2010) The Dam1 complex confers microtubule plus end-tracking activity to the Ndc80 kinetochore complex. J Cell Biol 189(4):641–649

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Wigge PA, Kilmartin JV (2001) The Ndc80p complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains conserved centromere components and has a function in chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol 152(2):349–360

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Euskirchen GM (2002) Nnf1p, Dsn1p, Mtw1p, and Nsl1p: a new group of proteins important for chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot Cell 1(2):229–240

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Pinsky BA, Tatsutani SY, Collins KA, Biggins S (2003) An Mtw1 complex promotes kinetochore biorientation that is monitored by the Ipl1/Aurora protein kinase. Dev Cell 5(5):735–745

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kline SL, Cheeseman IM, Hori T, Fukagawa T, Desai A (2006) The human Mis12 complex is required for kinetochore assembly and proper chromosome segregation. J Cell Biol 173(1):9–17

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Nekrasov VS, Smith MA, Peak-Chew S, Kilmartin JV (2003) Interactions between centromere complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 14(12):4931–4946

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Cheeseman IM, Niessen S, Anderson S, Hyndman F, Yates JR 3rd, Oegema K, Desai A (2004) A conserved protein network controls assembly of the outer kinetochore and its ability to sustain tension. Genes Dev 18(18):2255–2268

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Desai A, Rybina S, Muller-Reichert T, Shevchenko A, Hyman A, Oegema K (2003) KNL-1 directs assembly of the microtubule-binding interface of the kinetochore in C. elegans. Genes Dev 17(19):2421–2435

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Ortiz J, Stemmann O, Rank S, Lechner J (1999) A putative protein complex consisting of Ctf19, Mcm21, and Okp1 represents a missing link in the budding yeast kinetochore. Genes Dev 13(9):1140–1155

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Measday V, Hailey DW, Pot I, Givan SA, Hyland KM, Cagney G, Fields S, Davis TN, Hieter P (2002) Ctf3p, the Mis6 budding yeast homolog, interacts with Mcm22p and Mcm16p at the yeast outer kinetochore. Genes Dev 16(1):101–113

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Pot I, Measday V, Snydsman B, Cagney G, Fields S, Davis TN, Muller EG, Hieter P (2003) Chl4p and iml3p are two new members of the budding yeast outer kinetochore. Mol Biol Cell 14(2):460–476

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Schmitzberger F, Harrison SC (2012) RWD domain: a recurring module in kinetochore architecture shown by a Ctf19-Mcm21 complex structure. EMBO Rep 13(3):216–222

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Pasupala N, Easwaran S, Hannan A, Shore D, Mishra K (2012) The SUMO E3 ligase Siz2 exerts a locus-dependent effect on gene silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eukaryot Cell 11(4):452–462

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Koshland D, Hieter P (1987) Visual assay for chromosome ploidy. Methods Enzymol 155:351–372

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hieter P, Mann C, Snyder M, Davis RW (1985) Mitotic stability of yeast chromosomes: a colony color assay that measures nondisjunction and chromosome loss. Cell 40(2):381–392

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Sprague GF Jr (1991) Assay of yeast mating reaction. Methods Enzymol 194:77–93

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Yuen KW, Warren CD, Chen O, Kwok T, Hieter P, Spencer FA (2007) Systematic genome instability screens in yeast and their potential relevance to cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(10):3925–3930

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Andersen MP, Nelson ZW, Hetrick ED, Gottschling DE (2008) A genetic screen for increased loss of heterozygosity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 179(3):1179–1195

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Goldstein AL, McCusker JH (1999) Three new dominant drug resistance cassettes for gene disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 15(14):1541–1553

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cherry JM, Ball C, Weng S, Juvik G, Schmidt R, Adler C, Dunn B, Dwight S, Riles L, Mortimer RK et al (1997) Genetic and physical maps of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 387(6632 Suppl):67–73

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. McMurray MA, Gottschling DE (2003) An age-induced switch to a hyper-recombinational state. Science 301(5641):1908–1911

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Johnston JR (1971) Genetic analysis of spontaneous half-sectored colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genet Res 18(2):179–184

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Zimmermann FK (1973) A yeast strain for visual screening for the two reciprocal products of mitotic crossing over. Mutat Res 21(5):263–269

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Costanzo M, Baryshnikova A, Bellay J, Kim Y, Spear ED, Sevier CS, Ding H, Koh JL, Toufighi K, Mostafavi S et al (2010) The genetic landscape of a cell. Science 327(5964):425–431

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Measday V, Baetz K, Guzzo J, Yuen K, Kwok T, Sheikh B, Ding H, Ueta R, Hoac T, Cheng B et al (2005) Systematic yeast synthetic lethal and synthetic dosage lethal screens identify genes required for chromosome segregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102(39):13956–13961

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Jaspersen SL, Martin AE, Glazko G, Giddings TH Jr, Morgan G, Mushegian A, Winey M (2006) The Sad1-UNC-84 homology domain in Mps3 interacts with Mps2 to connect the spindle pole body with the nuclear envelope. J Cell Biol 174(5):665–675

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Gardner JM, Smoyer CJ, Stensrud ES, Alexander R, Gogol M, Wiegraebe W, Jaspersen SL (2011) Targeting of the SUN protein Mps3 to the inner nuclear membrane by the histone variant H2A.Z. J Cell Biol 193(3):489–507

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Conrad MN, Lee CY, Wilkerson JL, Dresser ME (2007) MPS3 mediates meiotic bouquet formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(21):8863–8868

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Fernius J, Marston AL (2009) Establishment of cohesion at the pericentromere by the Ctf19 kinetochore subcomplex and the replication fork-associated factor, Csm3. PLoS Genet 5(9):e1000629

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. McClelland SE, Borusu S, Amaro AC, Winter JR, Belwal M, McAinsh AD, Meraldi P (2007) The CENP-A NAC/CAD kinetochore complex controls chromosome congression and spindle bipolarity. EMBO J 26(24):5033–5047

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. McAinsh AD, Tytell JD, Sorger PK (2003) Structure, function, and regulation of budding yeast kinetochores. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 19:519–539

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Nasmyth K (2005) How do so few control so many? Cell 120(6):739–746

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hagan RS, Sorger PK (2005) Cell biology: the more MAD, the merrier. Nature 434(7033):575–577

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Westermann S, Drubin DG, Barnes G (2007) Structures and functions of yeast kinetochore complexes. Annu Rev Biochem 76:563–591

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Yao J, He X (2008) Kinetochore assembly: building a molecular machine that drives chromosome movement. Mol BioSyst 4(10):987–992

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Thomas BJ, Rothstein R (1989) The genetic control of direct-repeat recombination in Saccharomyces: the effect of rad52 and rad1 on mitotic recombination at GAL10, a transcriptionally regulated gene. Genetics 123(4):725–738

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Longtine MS, McKenzie A 3rd, Demarini DJ, Shah NG, Wach A, Brachat A, Philippsen P, Pringle JR (1998) Additional modules for versatile and economical PCR-based gene deletion and modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 14(10):953–961

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Mishra K, Shore D (1999) Yeast Ku protein plays a direct role in telomeric silencing and counteracts inhibition by rif proteins. Curr Biol 9(19):1123–1126

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Clark KL, Dignard D, Thomas DY, Whiteway M (1993) Interactions among the subunits of the G protein involved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating. Mol Cell Biol 13:1–8

  59. Dorer R, Pryciak PM, Hartwell LH (1995) Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells execute a default pathway to select a mate in the absence of pheromone gradients. J Cell Biol 131(4):845–861

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a Department of Science and Technology (DST) Fast Track grant to KM. Facilities established under University Special Assistance Programme (UGC-SAP), DST-Fund for Infrastructure in Science and Technology (DST-FIST) and Department of Biotechnology-Centre for Research and Education in Biology and Biotechnology (DBT-CREBB) programmes of University of Hyderabad have been used for conducting of experiments. ST acknowledges fellowship support from UGC and DBT-CREBB. We thank D. Gottshling, A. Marston, M. Dresser, S. Jaspersen and P. Pryciak for strains and plasmids.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India

    Sirupangi Tirupataiah, Imlitoshi Jamir, Indukuri Srividya & Krishnaveni Mishra

Authors
  1. Sirupangi Tirupataiah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Imlitoshi Jamir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Indukuri Srividya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Krishnaveni Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Krishnaveni Mishra.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material (PPTX 4591 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tirupataiah, S., Jamir, I., Srividya, I. et al. Yeast Nkp2 is required for accurate chromosome segregation and interacts with several components of the central kinetochore. Mol Biol Rep 41, 787–797 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2918-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2918-3

Keywords

  • NKP2
  • Kinetochore
  • Chromosome segregation
  • Chromosome loss
  • Loss of heterozygosity