Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Identification of the promoter region and genetic mutations of the porcine GALP gene

  • Published:
Molecular Biology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) gene, encoding a member of the galanin family of neuropeptides involved in reproduction, was differentially expressed in PMSG-hCG stimulated pre-ovulatory ovarian follicles of Chinese Taihu and Large White sows in our previous study. In the present study, promoter region and genetic mutations of the porcine GALP gene were determined. A 1,322 bp contig in 5′-flanking region was predicted to contain 5 potential transcription promoters by Neural Network Promoter Prediction version 2.2. 5′-deletion expression in both CHO and hela cells showed that there were a negative regulatory element at −852 to −803 bp and a positive regulatory element at −1,318 to −1,269 bp. Comparative sequence analyses of Chinese Taihu and Large White GALP gene sequence revealed the c.*27C>G mutation in the 3′-UTR and the c.88–1225C>G mutation in intron 1, which can be detected by HhaI and AluI PCR–RFLP, respectively. The association analysis with litter size traits showed that at both loci CC and GG genotypes were different for NBA for all parities in DIV pigs (P < 0.05). However, two SNPs were not in significant linkage disequilibrium analyzed using SHEsis online software, and could be used in pig breeding individually.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rothschild MF, Jacobson C, Vaske A, Tuggle K, Wang L, Short H, Eckardt GR, Sasaki S, Vincent A, McLaren DG (1996) The estrogen receptor locus is associated with a major gene influencing litter size in pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:201–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gladney CD, Bertani GR, Johnson RK, Pomp D (2004) Evaluation of gene expression in pigs selected for enhanced reproduction using differential display PCR and human microarrays: I. Ovarian follicles. J Anim Sci 82:17–31

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rothschild MF (2003) Advances in pig genomics and functional gene discovery. Comp Funct Genomics 4:266–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Li N, Zhao YF, Xiao L, Zeng FJ, Chen YZ, Dai RJ, Zang JS, Shen SQ, Chen YF, Wu CX (1998) Candidate gene analysis for identification of genetic loci controlling litter size in swine. Proc 6th World Congr Genet Appl Livest Prod 26:183–186

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ohtaki T, Kumano S, Ishibashi Y, Ogi K, Matsui H, Harada M, Kitada C, Kurokawa T, Onda H, Fujino M (1999) Isolation and cDNA cloning of a novel galanin-like peptide (GALP) from porcine hypothalamus. J Biol Chem 274:37041–37045

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jureus A, Cunningham MJ, McClain ME, Clifton DK, Steiner RA (2000) Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a target for regulation by leptin in the hypothalamus of the rat. Endocrinology 141:2703–2706

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jureus A, Cunningham MJ, Li D, Johnson LL, Krasnow SM, Teklemichael DN, Clifton DK, Steiner RA (2001) Distribution and regulation of galanin-like peptide (GALP) in the hypothalamus of the mouse. Endocrinology 142:5140–5144

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cunningham MJ, Scarlett JM, Steiner RA (2002) Cloning and distribution of galanin-like peptide mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary of the macaque. Endocrinology 143:755–763

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kauffman AS, Buenzle J, Fraley GS, Rissman EF (2005) Effects of galanin-like peptide (GALP) on locomotion, reproduction, and body weight in female and male mice. Horm Behav 48:141–151

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sun X, Mei S, Tao H, Wang G, Su L, Jiang S, Deng C, Xiong Y, Li F (2011) Microarray profiling for differential gene expression in PMSG-hCG stimulated preovulatory ovarian follicles of Chinese Taihu and Large White sows. BMC Genomics 12:111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee SJ, Liu J, Qi N, Guarnera RA, Lee SY, Cicila GT (2003) Use of a panel of congenic strains to evaluate differentially expressed genes as candidate genes for blood pressure quantitative trait loci. Hypertens Res 26:75–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hu Z, Park C, Fritz ER, Reecy JM (2010) QTLdb: a Comprehensive database tool building bridges between genotypes and phenotypes. The 9th World congress on genetics applied to livestock production. Leipzig, Germany. Aug 1–6 2010

  13. Zhang YH, Mei SQ, Peng XW, Niu BY, Ren ZQ, Zuo B, Xu DQ, Lei MG, Zheng R, Jiang SW, Deng CY, Xiong YZ, Li FE (2009) Molecular characterization and SNPs analysis of the porcine Deleted in AZoospermia Like (pDAZL) gene. Anim Reprod Sci 112:415–422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Lei B, Gao S, Luo LF, Xia XY, Jiang SW, Deng CY, Xiong YZ, Li FE (2011) A SNP in the miR-27a gene is associated with litter size in pigs. Mol Biol Rep 38:3725–3729

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zheng R, Xiong Q, Zuo B, Jiang S, Li F, Lei M, Deng C, Xiong Y (2008) Using RNA interference to identify the different roles of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells. Cell Biochem Funct 26:548–556

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Deng B, Wen J, Ding Y, Gao Q, Huang H, Ran Z, Qian Y, Peng J, Jiang S (2012) Functional analysis of pig myostatin gene promoter with some adipogenesis- and myogenesis-related factors. Mol Cell Biochem 363:291–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu BH (1998) Statistical genomics: linkage, mapping, and QTL analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  18. Shi YY, He L (2005) SHEsis, a powerful software platform for analyses of linkage disequilibrium, haplotype construction, and genetic association at polymorphism loci. Cell Res 15:97–98

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Reese MG (2001) Application of a time-delay neural network to promoter annotation in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Comput Chem 26:51–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dungan Lemko HM, Clifton DK, Steiner RA, Fraley GS (2008) Altered response to metabolic challenges in mice with genetically targeted deletions of galanin-like peptide. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295:E605–E612

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, D’Eath RB, Turner SP, Evans G, Thölking L, Kurt E, Klont R, Foury A, Mormède P, Wimmers K (2011) Differential mRNA expression of genes in the porcine adrenal gland associated with psychosocial stress. J Mol Endocrinol 46:165–174

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lawrence CB, Fraley GS (2010) Galanin-like peptide: neural regulator of energy homeostasis and reproduction. EXS 102:263–280

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Holl JW, Cassady JP, Pomp D, Johnson RK (2004) A genome scan for quantitative trait loci and imprinted regions affecting reproduction in pigs. J Anim Sci 82:3421–3429

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Tribout T, Iannuccelli N, Druet T, Gilbert H, Riquet J, Gueblez R, Mercat MJ, Bidanel JP, Milan D, Le Roy P (2008) Detection of quantitative trait loci for reproduction and production traits in Large White and French Landrace pig populations. Genet Sel Evol 40:61–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Bidanel JP, Rosendo A, Iannuccelli N, Riquet J, Gilbert H, Caritez JC, Billon Y, Amigues Y, Prunier A, Milan D (2008) Detection of quantitative trait loci for teat number and female reproductive traits in Meishan × Large White F2 pigs. Animal 2:813–820

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wilkie PJ, Paszek AA, Beattie CW, Alexander LJ, Wheeler MB, Schook LB (1999) A genomic scan of porcine reproductive traits reveals possible quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for number of corpora lutea. Mamm Genome 10:573–578

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Li K, Ren J, Xing Y, Zhang Z, Ma J, Guo Y, Huang L (2009) Quantitative trait loci for litter size and prenatal loss in a White Duroc × Chinese Erhualian resource population. Anim Genet 40:963–966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Fröjdö S, Sjölind L, Parkkonen M, Mäkinen VP, Kilpikari R, Pettersson-Fernholm K, Forsblom C, Fagerudd J, Tikellis C, Cooper ME, Wessman M, Groop PH, FinnDiane Study Group (2005) Polymorphisms in the gene encoding angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 and diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia 48:2278–2281

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank all farmers for providing pig samples. This work was supported financially by Key Projects in Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (131028), National Science & Technology Pillar Program (2011BAD28B01), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31072011), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (2009CDA127), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2011PY074).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Pig Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Lina Su, Hu Tao, Xiaojie Sun, Xuying Zhang & Fenge Li

  2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Hubei Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan, 430064, People’s Republic of China

    Shuqi Mei, Xianwen Peng, Huayu Wu & Mu Qiao

  3. College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China

    Fenge Li

Authors
  1. Lina Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shuqi Mei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hu Tao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xianwen Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xiaojie Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Huayu Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xuying Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Mu Qiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Fenge Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fenge Li.

Additional information

Lina Su and Shuqi Mei contributed equally to this study.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 18 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Su, L., Mei, S., Tao, H. et al. Identification of the promoter region and genetic mutations of the porcine GALP gene. Mol Biol Rep 40, 2821–2827 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-2297-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-2297-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation