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Changes in physiology and protein abundance in salt-stressed wheat chloroplasts

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Abstract

Leaves are the final site of salinity perception through the roots. To better understand how wheat chloroplasts proteins respond to salt stress, the study aimed to the physiochemical and comparative proteomics analysis. Seedlings (12-days-old) were exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 1, 2, or 3 days. Na+ ions were rapid and excessively increase in roots, stems and leaves. Photosynthesis and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and relative water content decreased whereas the level of proline increased. Statistically significant positive correlations were found among the content of hydrogen peroxide, activity of catalase, and superoxide dismutase under salt stress in wheat. Protein abundance within the chloroplasts was examined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. More than 100 protein spots were reproducibly detected on each gel, 21 protein spots were differentially expressed during salt treatment. Using linear quadruple trap-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (LTQ-FTICR) hybrid mass spectrometry, 65 unique proteins assigned in the differentially abundant spots. Most proteins were up-regulated at 2 and 3 days after being down-regulated at 1 day. Others showed only slight responses after 3 days of treatment, including Rubisco, glutamate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, photosystem I, and pyridoxal biosynthesis protein PDX1.2 and PDX1.3. The ATP synthase (α, β, and γ) and V-type proton ATPase subunits were down-regulated resulting showed negative impact by Na+ on the photosynthetic machinery. This ephemeral increase and subsequent decrease in protein contents may demonstrate a counterbalancing influence of identified proteins. Several proteins such as cytochrome b6–f (Cyt b6–f), germin-like-protein, the γ-subunit of ATP synthase, glutamine synthetase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, S-adenosylmethionine synthase, carbonic anhydrase were gradually up-regulated during the period of treatment, which can be identified as marker proteins.

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Abbreviations

CAT:

Catalase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

LTQ:

Linear quadruple trap

FT:

Fourier transform

ICR:

Ion cyclotron resonance

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Prof. Dr. Kee-Yoeup Paek of the Dept. of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Korea, for conducting the LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system. Financial support for this study was obtained from the project fund (PJ906953), Korea to S. H. Woo, and the project fund (C32730) to J.S. Choi from the Center for Analytical Research of Disaster Science of Korea Basic Science Institute, and also technically supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute Research Grant (G32121) to Kun Cho.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea

    Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal, Da-Eun Kim & Sun Hee Woo

  2. Division of Mass Spectrometry Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, 863-883, Korea

    Kun Cho

  3. Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan

    Nobuyuki Uozumi

  4. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Korea

    Keun-Yook Chung

  5. Chungbuk Province Agriculture Research Institute, Watermelon Research Institute, Eumseong, 369-820, Korea

    Sang Young Lee

  6. Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea

    Jong-Soon Choi

  7. Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea

    Jong-Soon Choi

  8. Laboratory of Molecular Breeding, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori-ken, 680-0001, Japan

    Seong-Woo Cho

  9. Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University, 410 Seongbong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Korea

    Chang-Seob Shin

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  1. Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
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  2. Kun Cho
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  3. Da-Eun Kim
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  6. Sang Young Lee
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  7. Jong-Soon Choi
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  8. Seong-Woo Cho
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  9. Chang-Seob Shin
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  10. Sun Hee Woo
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Correspondence to Sun Hee Woo.

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A. H. M. Kamal and K. Cho have contributed equally to this article.

S. H. Woo and C.-S. Shin contributed equally as corresponding author to this work.

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Kamal, A.H.M., Cho, K., Kim, DE. et al. Changes in physiology and protein abundance in salt-stressed wheat chloroplasts. Mol Biol Rep 39, 9059–9074 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-012-1777-7

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