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Assessment of the fruit-ripening-related FUL2 gene diversity in morphophysiologically contrasted cultivated and wild tomato species

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Abstract

Members of the Solanum section Lycopersicon are characterized by different fruit morphophysiology. The MADS-box gene FRUITFULL encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of flowering time and fruit development. In the present study, we identified and characterized FUL2 gene orthologs from 10 different tomato accessions in terms of polymorphism, phylogenetic relatedness, and expression pattern. The identified genes had a size from 5827 bp in S. habrochaites to 6229 bp in S. peruvianum 3966 and contained eight exons. The genes demonstrated significantly higher variability in introns (960 SNPs and 76 indels) than in exons (46 SNPs); non-synonymous SNPs were translated into 22 neutral and 20 slightly deleterious amino acid substitutions (12.24% variability in protein sequences). All predicted FUL2 proteins contained the conserved euFUL motif MPP[W/C]MLRHLNG at the C-terminus and had secondary and tertiary structures common for MADS-domain transcription factors. The FUL2-based evolutionary relationships in cultivated and wild tomatoes were mainly consistent with the accession crossability. All FUL2 genes were transcribed in flowers and fruits and demonstrated two distinct expression patterns with the maximum in mature green or ripe fruits, respectively. The obtained data should contribute to understanding of genetic potential of this ripening-related transcription factor for tomato breeding programs.

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Abbreviations

I:

Intervening region

K:

Keratin-like

AP1 :

APETALA1

TAGL1 :

TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE 1

FUL :

FRUITFULL

SHP :

SHATTERPROOF

RIN :

RIPENING INHIBITOR

SC:

Self-compatible

SI:

Self-incompatible

RF:

Red-fruited

GF:

Green-fruited

MG:

Mature green

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

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Acknowledgments

This work was performed using the experimental climate control facility in the Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences.

Funding

This work was financially supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (no. 16-16-10022).

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Author notes

  1. M. A. Slugina and A. V. Shchennikova contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow, Russia, 119071

    M. A. Slugina, A. V. Shchennikova & E. Z. Kochieva

  2. Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991

    M. A. Slugina & E. Z. Kochieva

  3. State Scientific Institution, All-Russian Research Institute for Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops, The Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119991

    O. N. Pishnaya

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  1. M. A. Slugina
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  2. A. V. Shchennikova
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  3. O. N. Pishnaya
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  4. E. Z. Kochieva
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Contributions

EZK and PON conceived and designed the research. MAS conducted the experiments and performed gene cloning, phylogenetic reconstructions, variability analyses, and expression pattern determination. AVS contributed to in silico analyses. MAS, AVS, and EZK wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to A. V. Shchennikova.

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Key message

Genomic sequences encoding orthologs of the FUL2 MADS-domain transcription factor were identified in 10 wild accessions of Solanum section Lycopersicon species. Analyses of FUL2 structure, phylogeny, and expression suggest conservation of its functional roles in tomato fruit development and ripening.

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Slugina, M.A., Shchennikova, A.V., Pishnaya, O.N. et al. Assessment of the fruit-ripening-related FUL2 gene diversity in morphophysiologically contrasted cultivated and wild tomato species. Mol Breeding 38, 82 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-018-0842-x

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