Abstract
The processes involved in refining steel at the Tagmet combine to remove corrosion-active nonmetallic inclusions (CANI) were analyzed using the program GIBBS®. The analysis was performed with the assumption that CANI are a special case of the oxide and sulfide inclusions normally seen in steels. Thus, it was proposed that the total number of all endogenic primary inclusions be reduced to a minimum and that their composition be optimized (that the inclusions be converted to the liquid state) in order to remove them from steel. It was shown that from 6 to 20% of all primary inclusions in steel are CANI, the exact percentage depending on the amount of alumo-calcium used in the treatment of the steel. It was also noted that the secondary oxidation of steel increases its volume content of primary inclusions by an order of magnitude. It was determined that the infiltration of oxygen into the treatment unit even at a rate of 0.3 kg/ton makes it impossible to obtain liquid primary inclusions. Modeling of the deoxidation of steel on a ladle-furnace unit at Tagmet made it possible to determine the optimum range of alumo-calcium consumption: 0.7–1 kg/ton (depending on the consumption of aluminum wire rod used for preliminary deoxidation). The formation of liquid primary inclusions — which includes CANI — is minimal in this case.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
I. I. Reformatskaya, I. G. Rodionova, Yu. A. Beilin, et al., “Role of nonmetallic inclusions and the microstructure in the local corrosion of low-alloy and carbon steels,” Zashch. Met., 40, No.5, 498 (2004).
G. A. Filippov, I. G. Rodionova, O. N. Baklanova, et al., “Corrosion resistance of steel pipelines,” Tekhnol. Met., No. 2, 24 (2004).
I. G. Rodionova, O. N. Baklanova, and A. I. Zaitsev, “The role of nonmetallic inclusions in accelerating the local corrosion of oil-field tubing made of low-alloy and carbon steels,” Metally, No. 5, 13–18 (2004).
B. I. Medovar (ed.), Treatment of Steel with Calcium: Proc. Int. Symposium on the Treatment of Steel with Calcium [Russian translation], IES im. E. O. Patona AN Ukr. SSR, Kiev (1989).
E. T. Turkdogan, “Metallurgical consequences of the assimilation of calcium by liquid and solidifying steel,” ibid., p. 19.
D. Janke and H. Richter, Arch. Eisenehuttenwes., 50, 93 (1979).
D. L. Sponseller and R. A. Finn, Trans. AIME, 230, 876 (1964).
A. A. Tolstolutskii, G. I. Kotel'nikov, N. S. S'emshchikov, et al., “Modeling the refining of low-alloy steel in an electric furnace with the use of the GIBBS® computer system,” in: Proc. Seventh Congress of Steelmakers, Magnitogorsk (2002).
T. Myslivets, “Certain aspects of the deoxidation of steel with manganese, silicon, and aluminum,” in: Physicochemical Principles of Metallurgical Processes [in Russian], Nauka, Moscow (1973).
D. Ya. Povolotskii, Deoxidation of Steel [in Russian], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1972).
Slag Atlas [Russian translation], Metallurgiya, Moscow (1985).
K. H. Bauer, “Effect of deoxidation on the castability of steel,” in: Continuous Casting of Steel: Proc. Int. Conf. in London, Metallurgiya, Moscow (1982).
S. A. Gorbovksii, S. V. Kazanov, S. V. Efimov, et al., “Preventing obstruction of the channels in steel-pouring ladles,” Stal', No. 12, 16 (2003).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
__________
Translated from Metallurg, No. 5, pp. 51–54, May, 2005.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Golovkova, E.N., Kotel'nikov, G.I., Tolstolutskii, A.A. et al. Analysis of the Processes Involved in Refining Steel at the Tagmet Combine to Remove Corrosion-Active Nonmetallic Inclusions. Metallurgist 49, 183–188 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-005-0075-1
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-005-0075-1