Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutrigenomic basis of beneficial effects of chromium(III) on obesity and diabetes

  • Published:
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Insulin resistance has been shown to be the major contributing factor to the metabolic syndrome, which comprises a cluster of risk factors for metabolic aberrations such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Additionally, insulin resistance has been associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological studies indicate that obesity and diabetes have become alarmingly prevalent in recent years. Substantial evidence suggests that dietary interventions and regular exercise greatly improve body mass index and lipid profile as well as alleviate insulin resistance. Therefore, dietary supplements such as insulin-sensitizing agents may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that chromium supplements, particularly niacin-bound chromium or chromium-nicotinate, may be effective in attenuating insulin resistance and lowering plasma cholesterol levels. Utilizing the powerful technology of nutrigenomics to identify the genes regulated by chromium supplementation may shed some light on the underlying mechanisms of chromium-gene interactions, and thus provide strategies to mitigate and prevent insulin-resistance-related disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Grimm JJ (1999) Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for insulin-glucose dynamics. Public Health Nutr 2:363–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Banegas JR, Lopez-Garcia E, Graciani A, Guallar-Castillon P, Gutierrez-Fisac JL, Alonso J, Rodriguez-Artalejo F (2007) Relationship between obesity, hypertension and diabetes, and health-related quality of life among the elderly. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:456–462

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Preuss HG (1997) Effects of glucose/insulin perturbations on aging and chronic disorders of aging: the evidence. J Am Coll Nutr 16:397–403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Day C (2007) Metabolic syndrome, or what you will: definitions and epidemiology. Diab Vasc Dis Res 4:32–38

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. United Nations (2005): World population prospects: the 2004 Review. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. United Nations, New York

  6. Preuss HG, Anderson RA (1998) Chromium update: examining recent literature 1997–1998. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 1:509–512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zafra-Stone S, Yasmin T, Bagchi M, Chatterjee A, Vinson JA, Bagchi D (2007) Berry anthocyanins as novel antioxidants in human health and disease prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 51:675–683

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Zafra-Stone S, Bagchi D (2007) Chromium (III) in promoting weight loss and lean body mass. In: Bagchi D, Preuss HG (eds) Obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 339–347

    Google Scholar 

  9. Schwarz K, Mertz W (1957) A glucose tolerance factor and its differentiation from factor 3. Arch Biochem Biophys 72:515–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schwarz K, Mertz W (1959) Chromium(III) and the glucose tolerance factor. Arch Biochem Biophys 85:292–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sawyer HJ (1994) Chromium and its compounds. In: Zenz C, Dickerson OB, Horvath EP (eds) Occupational medicine. Mosby-Year Book Inc., St Louis, pp 487–495

    Google Scholar 

  12. Stohs SJ, Bagchi D (1995) Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radic Biol Med 18:321–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Porter DJ, Raymond LW, Anastasio GD (1999) Chromium: friend or foe? Arch Fam Med 8:386–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Costa M (1997) Toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) in animal models and humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 27:431–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jain SK, Rains JL, Croad JL (2007) High glucose and ketosis (acetoacetate) increases, and chromium niacinate decreases, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 secretion and oxidative stress in U937 monocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal 9:1581–1590

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Evans GW, Roginski EE, Mertz W (1973) Interaction of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF) with insulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 50:718–722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Toepfer EW, Mertz W, Polansky MM, Roginski EE, Wolf WR (1976) Preparation of chromium-containing material of glucose tolerance factor activity from brewer’s yeast extracts and by synthesis. J Agric Food Chem 25:162–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Vincent JB, Stallings D (2007) Introduction: a history of chromium studies (1955–1995). In: Vincent JB (ed) The nutritional biochemistry of chromium(III). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–40

  19. NRC (1989) Recommended dietary allowance. National Academy Press, Washington D.C., pp 241–243

    Google Scholar 

  20. EPA (1998) Toxicological review of trivalent chromium. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., pp 7–8

  21. FDA (1995) Food labeling: reference daily intakes, final rule. The Food and Drug Administration, pp 67164–67175

  22. Mertz W (1975) Effects and metabolism of glucose tolerance factor. Nutr Rev 33:129–135

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kerger BD, Paustenbach DJ, Corbett GE, Finley BL (1996) Absorption and elimination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium in humans following ingestion of a bolus dose in drinking water. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 141:145–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Jeejeebhoy KN (1999) The role of chromium in nutrition and therapeutics and as a potential toxin. Nutr Rev 57:329–335

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Olin KL, Stearns DM, Armstrong WH, Keen CL (1994) Comparative retention/absorption of 51chromium (51Cr) from 51Cr chloride, 51Cr nicotinate and 51Cr picolinate in a rat model. Trace Elem Electrolytes 11:182–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Clodfelder BJ, Vincent JB (2005) The time-dependent transport of chromium in adult rats from the bloodstream to the urine. J Biol Inorg Chem 10:383–393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Clodfelder BJ, Emamaullee J, Hepburn DD, Chakov NE, Nettles HS, Vincent JB (2001) The trail of chromium(III) in vivo from the blood to the urine: the roles of transferrin and chromodulin. J Biol Inorg Chem 6:608–617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yamamoto A, Wada O, Ono T (1987) Isolation of a biologically active low-molecular-mass chromium compound from rabbit liver. Eur J Biochem 165:627–631

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Davis CM, Vincent JB (1997) Isolation and characterization of a biologically active chromium oligopeptide from bovine liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 339:335–343

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yamamoto A, Wada O, Ono T (1981) A low-molecular-weight, chromium-binding substance in mammals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 59:515–523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Davis CM, Vincent JB (1997) Chromium oligopeptide activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Biochemistry 36:4382–4385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Davis CM, Vincent JB (1997) Chromium in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. J Biol Inorg Chem 2:675–679

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mertz W (1969) Chromium occurrence and function in biological systems. Physiol Rev 49:163–239

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Morris BW, Blumsohn A, Mac Neil S, Gray TA (1992) The trace element chromium – a role in glucose homeostasis. Am J Clin Nutr 55:989–991

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Vincent JB (1994) Relationship between glucose tolerance factor and low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance. J Nutr 124:117–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Anderson RA, Kozlovsky AS (1985) Chromium intake, absorption and excretion of subjects consuming self-selected diets. Am J Clin Nutr 41:1177–1183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Anderson RA (1997) Chromium as an essential nutrient for humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 26:S35–S41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX (1980) Beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects. Diabetes 29:919–925

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Shapcott D, Hubert J (1979) Chromium in nutrition and metabolism. In: Proceedings of the symposium on chromium in nutrition and metabolism, held in Sherbrooke, Canada on July 13–15, 1979. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam

  40. Lefavi RG, Anderson RA, Keith RE, Wilson GD, McMillan JL, Stone MH (1992) Efficacy of chromium supplementation in athletes: emphasis on anabolism. Int J Sport Nutr 2:111–122

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Schroeder HA (1971) Losses of vitamins and trace minerals resulting from processing and preservation of foods. Am J Clin Nutr 24:562–573

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX (1988) Chromium in human nutrition. Annu Rev Nutr 8:543–563

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Striffler JS, Law JS, Polansky MM, Bhathena SJ, Anderson RA (1995) Chromium improves insulin response to glucose in rats. Metabolism 44:1314–1320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Jeejeebhoy KN, Chu RC, Marliss EB, Greenberg GR, Bruce-Robertson A (1977) Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance, and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation, in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 30:531–538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Freund H, Atamian S, Fischer JE (1979) Chromium deficiency during total parenteral nutrition. JAMA 241:496–498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Brown RO, Forloines-Lynn S, Cross RE, Heizer WD (1986) Chromium deficiency after long-term total parenteral nutrition. Dig Dis Sci 31:661–664

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Anderson RA (1995) Chromium and parenteral nutrition. Nutrition 11:83–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Zafra-Stone S, Bagchi M, Preuss HG, Bagchi D (2007) Benefits of chromium(III) complexes in animal and human health. In: Vincent JB (ed) The nutritional biochemistry of chromium(III). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 183–206

    Google Scholar 

  49. Anderson RA (1998) Chromium, glucose intolerance and diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 17:548–555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Coryell VH, Stearns DM (2006) Molecular analysis of hprt mutations induced by chromium picolinate in CHO AA8 cells. Mutat Res 610:114–123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Stearns DM, Silveira SM, Wolf KK, Luke AM (2002) Chromium(III) tris(picolinate) is mutagenic at the hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase locus in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutat Res 513:135–142

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hathcock JN (1997) Vitamins and minerals: efficacy and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 66:427–437

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Stearns DM, Wise JP Sr, Patierno SR, Wetterhahn KE (1995) Chromium(III) picolinate produces chromosome damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells. FASEB J 9:1643–1648

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Wasser WG, Feldman NS, D’Agati VD (1997) Chronic renal failure after ingestion of over-the-counter chromium picolinate. Ann Intern Med 126:410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Cerulli J, Grabe DW, Gauthier I, Malone M, McGoldrick MD (1998) Chromium picolinate toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 32:428–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Shara M, Yasmin T, Kincaid AE, Limpach AL, Bartz J, Brenneman KA, Chatterjee A, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, Bagchi D (2005) Safety and toxicological evaluation of a novel niacin-bound chromium (III) complex. J Inorg Biochem 99:2161–2183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Shara M, Kincaid AE, Limpach AL, Sandstrom R, Barrett L, Norton N, Bramble JD, Yasmin T, Tran J, Chatterjee A, Bagchi M, Bagchi D (2007) Long-term safety evaluation of a novel oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium (III) complex. J Inorg Biochem 101:1059–1069

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Mertz W (1993) Chromium in human nutrition: a review. J Nutr 123:626–633

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kashyap SR, Defronzo RA (2007) The insulin resistance syndrome: physiological considerations. Diab Vasc Dis Res 4:13–19

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Bailey CJ (2007) Treating insulin resistance: future prospects. Diab Vasc Dis Res 4:20–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Saad MJ (1994) Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Braz J Med Biol Res 27:941–957

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Roth RA, Liu F, Chin JE (1994) Biochemical mechanisms of insulin resistance. Horm Res 41(Suppl 2):51–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Schinner S, Scherbaum WA, Bornstein SR, Barthel A (2005) Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Diabet Med 22:674–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Dugani CB, Klip A (2005) Glucose transporter 4: cycling, compartments and controversies. EMBO Rep 6:1137–1142

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Penumathsa SV, Thirunavukkarasu M, Samuel M, Zhan L, Maulik G, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Maulik N (2007) Role of niacin-bound chromium (NBC) in ameliorating the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr 25:483

    Google Scholar 

  66. Dandona P, Aljada A, Chaudhuri A, Mohanty P, Garg R (2005) Metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive perspective based on interactions between obesity, diabetes, and inflammation. Circulation 111:1448–1454

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Petersen JL, McGuire DK (2005) Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose–a review of diagnosis, clinical implications and management. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2:9–15

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB (2003) The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Arch Intern Med 163:427–436

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Haffner S, Taegtmeyer H (2003) Epidemic obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 108:1541–1545

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Caballero B (2007) The global epidemic of obesity: an overview. Epidemiol Rev 29:1–5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Wang Y, Beydoun MA (2007) The obesity epidemic in the United States – gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol Rev 29:6–28

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ordovas JM (2004) The quest for cardiovascular health in the genomic era: nutrigenetics and plasma lipoproteins. Proc Nutr Soc 63:145–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Gibbs WW (2005) Obesity: an overblown epidemic? Sci Am 292:70–77

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Joyal SV (2004) A perspective on the current strategies for the treatment of obesity. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 3:341–356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Walker CG, Zariwala MG, Holness MJ, Sugden MC (2007) Diet, obesity and diabetes: a current update. Clin Sci (Lond) 112:93–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Kelly GS (2000) Insulin resistance: lifestyle and nutritional interventions. Altern Med Rev 5:109–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Bianchi C, Penno G, Romero F, Del Prato S, Miccoli R (2007) Treating the metabolic syndrome. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 5:491–506

    Google Scholar 

  78. Grant KE, Chandler RM, Castle AL, Ivy JL (1997) Chromium and exercise training: effect on obese women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29:992–998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Crawford V, Scheckenbach R, Preuss HG (1999) Effects of niacin-bound chromium supplementation on body composition in overweight African-American women. Diabetes Obes Metab 1:331–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Abraham AS, Brooks BA, Eylath U (1991) Chromium and cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Ann Nutr Metab 35:203–207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Preuss HG, Wallerstedt D, Talpur N, Tutuncuoglu SO, Echard B, Myers A, Bui M, Bagchi D (2000) Effects of niacin-bound chromium and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on the lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic subjects: a pilot study. J Med 31:227–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Vinson JA, Mandarano MA, Shuta DL, Bagchi M, Bagchi D (2002) Beneficial effects of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a niacin-bound chromium in a hamster atherosclerosis model. Mol Cell Biochem 240:99–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Thirunavukkarasu M, Penumathsa S, Juhasz B, Zhan L, Bagchi M, Yasmin T, Shara MA, Thatte HS, Bagchi D, Maulik N (2006) Enhanced cardiovascular function and energy level by a novel chromium (III)-supplement. Biofactors 27:53–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Thirunavukkarasu M, Penumathsa SV, Juhasz B, Zhan L, Cordis G, Altaf E, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Maulik N (2006) Niacin-bound chromium enhances myocardial protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291:H820–H826

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Abraham AS, Brooks BA, Eylath U (1992) The effects of chromium supplementation on serum glucose and lipids in patients with and without non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Metabolism 41:768–771

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Cheng N, Chi J, Feng J (1997) Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 46:1786–1791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Jovanovic-Peterson L, Gutierrez M, Peterson CM (1999) Chromium supplementation for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Trace Elem Exp Med 12:91–97

    Google Scholar 

  88. Ravina A, Slezak L, Mirsky N, Bryden NA, Anderson RA (1999) Reversal of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus with supplemental chromium. Diabet Med 16:164–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Wilson BE, Gondy A (1995) Effects of chromium supplementation on fasting insulin levels and lipid parameters in healthy, non-obese young subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 28:179–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Bagchi M, Jensen N, Preuss HG, Bagchi D (2004) Efficacy and toxicological assessment of a novel, niacin-bound chromium in ameliorating metabolic disorders. In: 10th international congress of toxicology, Finland, p 354

  91. Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Jansman FG, Groenier KH, Gans RO, Meyboom-de Jong B, Bakker SJ, Bilo HJ (2006) Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 29:521–525

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Bakker SJ, Verhoeven S, Gans RO, Meyboom-de Jong B, Bilo HJ (2007) Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 30:1092–1096

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Stearns DM, Belbruno JJ, Wetterhahn KE (1995) A prediction of chromium(III) accumulation in humans from chromium dietary supplements. FASEB J 9:1650–1657

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Kaput J, Noble J, Hatipoglu B, Kohrs K, Dawson K, Bartholomew A (2007) Application of nutrigenomic concepts to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 17:89–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Afman L, Muller M (2006) Nutrigenomics: from molecular nutrition to prevention of disease. J Am Diet Assoc 106:569–576

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Ferguson LR (2006) Nutrigenomics: integrating genomic approaches into nutrition research. Mol Diagn Ther 10:101–108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Rink C, Roy S, Khanna S, Rink T, Bagchi D, Sen CK (2006) Transcriptome of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to oral supplementation of type 2 Leprdb obese diabetic mice with niacin-bound chromium. Physiol Genomics 27:370–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Lee JH, Kemp DM (2006) Human adipose-derived stem cells display myogenic potential and perturbed function in hypoxic conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 341:882–888

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Sasao N, Hirayama E, Kim J (2003) Characterization of heterokaryons between skeletal myoblasts and preadipocytes: myogenic potential of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Eur J Cell Biol 82:97–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Xu Y, Malladi P, Wagner DR, Longaker MT (2005) Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells as a potential cell source for skeletal regeneration. Curr Opin Mol Ther 7:300–305

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Comi GP, Fortunato F, Lucchiari S, Bordoni A, Prelle A, Jann S, Keller A, Ciscato P, Galbiati S, Chiveri L, Torrente Y, Scarlato G, Bresolin N (2001) Beta-enolase deficiency, a new metabolic myopathy of distal glycolysis. Ann Neurol 50:202–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Jeffery CJ, Bahnson BJ, Chien W, Ringe D, Petsko GA (2000) Crystal structure of rabbit phosphoglucose isomerase, a glycolytic enzyme that moonlights as neuroleukin, autocrine motility factor, and differentiation mediator. Biochemistry 39:955–964

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Yanagawa T, Funasaka T, Tsutsumi S, Watanabe H, Raz A (2004) Novel roles of the autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase in tumor malignancy. Endocr Relat Cancer 11:749–759

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Kanno H, Fujii H, Hirono A, Ishida Y, Ohga S, Fukumoto Y, Matsuzawa K, Ogawa S, Miwa S (1996) Molecular analysis of glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. Blood 88:2321–2325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Baranova A, Collantes R, Gowder SJ, Elariny H, Schlauch K, Younoszai A, King S, Randhawa M, Pusulury S, Alsheddi T, Ong JP, Martin LM, Chandhoke V, Younossi ZM (2005) Obesity-related differential gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue. Obes Surg 15:758–765

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Kim YC, Zemel MB (1995) Insulin stimulation of intracellular free Ca2+ recovery and Ca(2+)-ATPase gene expression in cultured vascular smooth-muscle cells: role of glucose 6-phosphate. Biochem J 311(Pt 2):555–559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Moore JW, Maher MA, Banz WJ, Zemel MB (1998) Chromium picolinate modulates rat vascular smooth muscle cell intracellular calcium metabolism. J Nutr 128:180–184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. McCarty MF (2006) PKC-mediated modulation of L-type calcium channels may contribute to fat-induced insulin resistance. Med Hypotheses 66:824–831

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Eyre H, Akkari PA, Wilton SD, Callen DC, Baker E, Laing NG (1995) Assignment of the human skeletal muscle alpha-tropomyosin gene (TPM1) to band 15q22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 69:15–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Ruiz-Opazo N, Weinberger J, Nadal-Ginard B (1985) Comparison of alpha-tropomyosin sequences from smooth and striated muscle. Nature 315:67–70

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M (2000) Regulation of contraction in striated muscle. Physiol Rev 80:853–924

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Rodriguez Fernandez JL, Ben-Ze’ev A (1989) Regulation of fibronectin, integrin and cytoskeleton expression in differentiating adipocytes: inhibition by extracellular matrix and polylysine. Differentiation 42:65–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Kocaefe YC, Israeli D, Ozguc M, Danos O, Garcia L (2005) Myogenic program induction in mature fat tissue (with MyoD expression). Exp Cell Res 308:300–308

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Lin SC, Li P (2004) CIDE-A, a novel link between brown adipose tissue and obesity. Trends Mol Med 10:434–439

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Zhou Z, Yon Toh S, Chen Z, Guo K, Ng CP, Ponniah S, Lin SC, Hong W, Li P (2003) CIDEA-deficient mice have lean phenotype and are resistant to obesity. Nat Genet 35:49–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Cinti S (2002) Adipocyte differentiation and transdifferentiation: plasticity of the adipose organ. J Endocrinol Invest 25:823–835

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Stocker A (2004) Molecular mechanisms of vitamin E transport. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1031:44–59

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Bjornson LK, Gniewkowski C, Kayden HJ (1975) Comparison of exchange of alpha-tocopherol and free cholesterol between rat plasma lipoproteins and erythrocytes. J Lipid Res 16:39–53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Traber MG, Burton GW, Hamilton RL (2004) Vitamin E trafficking. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1031:1–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Vincent JB (1999) Mechanisms of chromium action: low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance. J Am Coll Nutr 18:6–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. InterHealth Research Center, Benicia, CA, 94590, USA

    Francis C. Lau, Manashi Bagchi & Debasis Bagchi

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Chandan K. Sen

  3. Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA

    Debasis Bagchi

Authors
  1. Francis C. Lau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manashi Bagchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chandan K. Sen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Debasis Bagchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Debasis Bagchi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lau, F.C., Bagchi, M., Sen, C.K. et al. Nutrigenomic basis of beneficial effects of chromium(III) on obesity and diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 317, 1–10 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-008-9744-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-008-9744-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation