Abstract
The goal of this paper is to describe strategies for revising LEND curricula to incorporate a stronger focus on life course theory and social determinants of health (LCT/SDOH). The Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) includes a central focus on LCT/SDOH and states that a goal of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) training is to “Prepare and empower MCH leaders to promote health equity…and reduce disparities in health and health care.” Two LEND programs engaged in a comprehensive process to strengthen LCT/SDOH in their curricula that included choosing content and themes and developing instructional strategies congruent with MCH Leadership Competencies and with the learning needs of LEND trainees. We describe: key elements of LCT/SDOH; the relationship of these to children with disabilities and to the MCH Leadership Competencies; LCT/SDOH resources for the LEND curriculum; a collaborative curriculum revision process for faculty; and LCT/SDOH content and themes for the LEND Curriculum and strategies for incorporating them. We present the results of our work in a format that may be used by other LEND programs undertaking curriculum revision to incorporate LCT/SDOH.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
HRSA. MCH Training Program: Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and related Disabilities (LEND). (2010). http://mchb.hrsa.gov/training/documents/fs/lend_factsheet-rev1-14.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2013.
Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2009). MCH leadership competencies 3.0. Maternal and child health leadership competencies. http://devleadership.mchtraining.net/mchlc_docs/mch_leadership_comp_3-0.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2013.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Maternal and child health training program: Leadership education in neurodevelopmental and other related disabilities (LEND) funding announcement. Rockville, MD, December 18, 2010.
Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2012). National strategic plan for MCH training 2012–2020 DRAFT goals and strategies. http://spw.mchtraining.net. Accessed 27 June 2013.
Pies, C., Parthasarathy, P., Kotelchuck, M. et al. (2009). Making a paradigm shift in maternal and child health. A report on the national MCH life course meeting.
Fine, A., & Kotelchuck, M. (2010). Rethinking MCH: The life course model as an organizing framework. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, pp. 1–21.
Truman, B. I., Smith, K. C., Roy, K., et al. (2011). Rationale for regular reporting on health disparities and inequalities—United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries, 60(Suppl), 3–10.
WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health. (2008). Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health: Commission on Social Determinants of Health final report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241563703_eng.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2013.
National Research Council, Committee on Evaluation of Children’s Health. (2004). Children’s health, the nation’s wealth: Assessing and improving child health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
World Health Organization. (2011). World report on disability. Geneva: WHO.
Halfon, N., Houtrow, A., Larson, K., et al. (2012). The changing landscape of disability in childhood. Future of Children, 22(1), 13–42.
Braveman, P. A., Egerter, S. A., & Mockenhaupt, R. E. (2011). Broadening the focus: the need to address the social determinants of health. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40(1 Suppl 1), S4–S18. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.10.002.
Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The social determinants of health: coming of age. Annual Review of Public Health, 32, 381–398. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101218.
Park, J., Turnbull, A. P., & Turnbull, H. R. (2002). Impacts of poverty on quality of life in families of children with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 68(2), 151–170.
Boyle, C. A., Boulet, S., Schieve, L. A., et al. (2011). Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997–2008. Pediatrics, 127(6), 1034–1042. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2989.
Shonkoff, J. P. (2010). Building a new biodevelopmental framework to guide the future of early childhood policy. Child Development, 81(1), 357–367.
Shonkoff, J. P., & Garner, A. S. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129(1), e232–e246. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2663.
Wise, P. H. (2009). Confronting social disparities in child health: a critical appraisal of life-course science and research. Pediatrics, 124(Suppl 3), S203–S211. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1100H.
Currie, J., & Kahn, R. (2012). Children with disabilities: Introducing the Issue. The Future of Children, 22(1), 3–11.
Boulet, S. L., Boyle, C. A., & Schieve, L. A. (2009). Health care use and health and functional impact of developmental disabilities among US children, 1997–2005. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 163(1), 19–26. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2008.506.
Emerson, E. (2012). Deprivation, ethnicity and the prevalence of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(3), 218–224. doi:10.1136/jech.2010.111773.
Koh, H. K., & Nowinski, J. M. (2010). Health equity and public health leadership. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl 1), S9–S11. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.191379.
Hanson, M. J., & Lynch, E. W. (2004). Understanding families : approaches to diversity, disability, and risk. Baltimore: P.H. Brookes.
Haughton, B., Eppig, K., Looney, S. M., et al. (2012). Incorporating the life course model into MCH Nutrition leadership education and training programs. Maternal and Child Health Journal,. doi:10.1007/s10995-012-0959-1.
Kupperschmidt, B. R., & Burns, P. (1997). Curriculum revision isn’t just change: It’s transition! Journal of Professional Nursing, 13(2), 90–98.
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2009). The past achievements and future promises of developmental psychopathology: the coming of age of a discipline. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(1–2), 16–25. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01979.x.
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136.
Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Prelude to strategic planning: A conversation to inform direction. October 19, 2010 meeting summary highlights. http://mchb.hrsa.gov/training/documents/sp_prelude_mtg_short_summary_final_2010-10-19.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2013.
Power, C., & Hertzman, C. (1997). Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease. British Medical Bulletin, 53(1), 210–221.
Maggi, S., Irwin, L. J., Siddiqi, A., et al. (2010). The social determinants of early child development: an overview. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 46(11), 627–635. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01817.x.
Larson, K., Russ, S. A., Crall, J. J., et al. (2008). Influence of multiple social risks on children’s health. Pediatrics, 121(2), 337–344. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0447.
Blumenshine, P., Egerter, S., Barclay, C. J., et al. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39(3), 263–272. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.05.012.
Boulet, S. L., Schieve, L. A., & Boyle, C. A. (2011). Birth weight and health and developmental outcomes in US children, 1997–2005. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(7), 836–844. doi:10.1007/s10995-009-0538-2.
Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2007). A science-based framework for early childhood policy: Using evidence to improve outcomes in learning, behavior, and health for vulnerable children. http://developingchild.harvard.edu/index.php/resources/reports_and_working_papers/policy_framework/. Accessed 27 June 2013.
Missouri family to family: Charting the life course. Kansas City, MO: Institute for Human Development, The University of Missouri Kansas City. 2012. http://mofamilytofamily.org/user_storage/File/f2f/MOF2F%20Charting%20the%20Life%20Course%20Framework%20-%20April%202012.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2013.
Turnbull, A. P., & Turnbull, H. (2002). From the old to the new paradigm of disability and families: Research to enhance family quality of life outcomes. In J. L. Paul ea (Ed.), Rethinking professional issues in special education. Westport, Conn: Ablex.
Perrin, J. M. (2012). How can quality improvement enhance the lives of children with disabilities? Future of Children, 22(1), 149–168.
Rauch, S. A., & Lanphear, B. P. (2012). Prevention of disability in children: Elevating the role of environment. Future of Children, 22(1), 193–217.
Mandell, D. S., Ittenbach, R. F., Levy, S. E., et al. (2007). Disparities in diagnoses received prior to a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(9), 1795–1802. doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0314-8.
Lord, C., & Bishop, S. L. (2010). Autism spectrum disorders. Social Policy Report, 24(2), 3–16.
Gee, G. C., Walsemann, K. M., & Brondolo, E. (2012). A life course perspective on how racism may be related to health inequities. American Journal of Public Health, 102(5), 967–974. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300666.
Honey, A., Emerson, E., & Llewellyn, G. (2011). The mental health of young people with disabilities: impact of social conditions. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(1), 1–10. doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0161-y.
Council on Children With Disabilities. (2006). Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Bright Futures Steering Committee, et al. Identifying infants and young children with developmental disorders in the medical home: an algorithm for developmental surveillance and screening. Pediatrics, 118(1), 405–420. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1231.
Barnett, W. S. (2011). Effectiveness of early educational intervention. Science, 333(6045), 975–978. doi:10.1126/science.1204534.
Briggs, R. D., Stettler, E. M., Silver, E. J., et al. (2012). Social-emotional screening for infants and toddlers in primary care. Pediatrics, 129(2), e377–e384.
Delaney, L., & Smith, J. P. (2012). Childhood health: trends and consequences over the life course. Future of Children, 22(1), 43–63.
Holt, J., Esquivel, M., & Pariseau, C. (2010). Medical home competencies for LEND trainees. http://www.aucd.org/template/news.cfm?news_id=6088&parent=295&parent_title=AUCDPublications&url=/template/page.cfm?id%3D295. Accessed 27 June 2013.
Brown, J. S., & Adler, R. P. (2008). Minds on fire: Open education, the long tail, and learning 2.0. Educause Review, 43(1), 16–20.
Mouradian, W. E., & Huebner, C. E. (2007). Future directions in leadership training of MCH professionals: Cross-cutting MCH leadership competencies. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 11(3), 211–218. doi:10.1007/s10995-006-0170-3.
Cooley, R. & Flores, L. (Eds.). (2012). The selected essays of Sarah Savage Cooley. Self-published and available at http://www.blurb.com/bookstore/invited/2878069/c9c5bc089b68159461145eb1c7c31f9b8d789a22?utm_source=TellAFriend&utm_medium=email&utm_content=3495681. Accessed 27 June 2013.
Kingsley, J., Levitz, M., & Cooney, J. G. (2007). Count us in: Growing up with Down syndrome. Boston, MA: Mariner Books.
Snow, K. (2001). Disability is natural: Revolutionary common sense for raising successful children with disabilities. Woodland Park, CO: Braveheart Press.
Goode, T., & Bronheim, S. (2010). Research—Cultural and linguistic competence checklist for MCH training programs. Washington, DC: National Center for Cultural Competence, Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development.
Lynch, E. W., & Hanson, M. J. (2011). Developing cross-cultural competence: A guide for working with children and their families (4th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Pub.
Wang, M., & Brown, R. (2009). Family quality of life: a framework for policy and social service provisions to support families of children with disabilities. Journal of Family Social Work, 12(2), 144–167.
Schaefer, S. A. (2001). Understanding research: Top ten tips for advocates and policymakers. Washington, DC: Voices for.
Carrillo, J. E., Green, A. R., & Betancourt, J. R. (1999). Cross-cultural primary care: a patient-based approach. Annals of Internal Medicine, 130(10), 829–834.
Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the contribution Lisa Katz, MSW, core LEND faculty in social work and other members of the core LEND faculty at our programs who contributed their expertise and creativity in carrying out our curriculum revision. This effort was supported in part through Grants (Numbers HRSA-11-036 and HRSA-06-048) from the Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Edwards, K., Towle, P.O. & Levitz, B. Incorporating Life Course Theory and Social Determinants of Health into the LEND Curriculum. Matern Child Health J 18, 431–442 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1283-0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-013-1283-0