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Perceived ecosystem services synergies, trade-offs, and bundles in European high nature value farming landscapes

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Abstract

Context

Around 30% of European agricultural landscapes are classified as high nature value (HNV) farmlands. Current policies emphasize the multifunctionality of these landscapes, but little is known about the positive and negative associations of multiple ecosystem services within HNV farmland.

Objectives

This study aims to identify perceived ecosystem services synergies, trade-offs, and bundles in agricultural landscapes of HNV from a socio-cultural perspective.

Methods

We performed a participatory mapping survey of 10 ecosystem services categories among 2301 rural residents in 13 European sites. We analyzed bivariate synergies and trade-offs between perceived ecosystem services through nonparametric correlation analyses. Spatial bundles of perceived ecosystem services were identified through hierarchical cluster analysis. Multinomial logit models were used to assess the influence of land cover on generating associations of ecosystem services.

Results

We find two strong and 16 moderate synergies of perceived ecosystem services (out of 46 possible ecosystem services pairs), mainly among different cultural ecosystem services. We do not reveal moderate or strong trade-offs. We identify five spatial bundles of ecosystem services, termed “Ecosystem services coldspots”, “Wild harvesting ranges”, “Nature areas”, “Recreational spaces”, and “Ecosystem services hotspots”. Of all land-cover co-variates, natural areas, urban areas, and roads have the strongest explanatory power.

Conclusions

Our study complements prevailing biophysical and economic analyses of ecosystem services synergies, trade-offs and bundles by a spatially explicit, socio-cultural perspective. We conclude that socio-cultural mapping of ecosystem services is useful for understanding the perceived multifunctionality of a landscape.

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Acknowledgements

We particularly thank our local facilitators in the 13 study sites. We acknowledge funding through Grant 613520 from the European Commission (Project AGFORWARD, 7th Framework Program). This research contributes to the Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (www.pecs-science.org).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Social-Ecological Interactions in Agricultural Systems, University of Kassel, Steinstr. 19, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany

    Tobias Plieninger & Mario Torralba

  2. University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Tobias Plieninger

  3. Department of Biology and Ecology in Hungarian and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Babes-Bolyai University, Str. Clinicilor 5-7, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Tibor Hartel

  4. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland

    Nora Fagerholm

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  1. Tobias Plieninger
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Correspondence to Tobias Plieninger.

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S.I. : Landscape and Ecosystem Services Please consider that this paper is targeted for publication under the “Landscape Governance and the ES Framework” for which guest editors include: José Muñoz-Rojas and Teresa Pinto-Correa (both from the Universidade de Évora, in Portugal) and Per Angelstam (from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences-SLU, Sweden).

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Plieninger, T., Torralba, M., Hartel, T. et al. Perceived ecosystem services synergies, trade-offs, and bundles in European high nature value farming landscapes. Landscape Ecol 34, 1565–1581 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00775-1

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